ANS

Question 1

part of the nervous system that can generate parasympathetic signals

Answer 1

craniosacral > brain stem and sacrum

Question 2

parasympathetic synapse length

Answer 2

presynaptic (LONG)

postsynaptic (SHORT)

Question 3

enteric nervous system is increasingly being considered as a separate component of the

Answer 3

visceral nervous system

Question 4

ganglia and peripheral nerves originate from

Answer 4

neural crest

Question 5

sympathetic synapse length

Answer 5

presynaptic (SHORT)

postsynaptic (LONG)

Question 6

cell bodies (postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the trunk) are located

Answer 6

in or on the structure being innervated

Question 7

norepinephrine is released from the parasympathetic or sympathetic ganglionic fibers

Answer 7

sympathetic (long > target)

Question 8

diaphragm is innervated from

Answer 8

cervical plexus

Question 9

the sympathetic nervous system primarily regulates

Answer 9

blood vessels

Question 10

somatic motor system supplies

Answer 10

skeletal muscle

Question 11

parasympathetic

Answer 11

rest and digest

Question 12

cell body that innverates the somatic motor system is located in

Answer 12

anterior gray horn

Question 13

cell bodies (postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the head) are

Answer 13

organized into discrete ganglia

Question 14

preganglionic fiber in the parasympathetic is short or long

Answer 14

long

Question 15

cell bodies that innervate the ANS are located

Answer 15

lateral horn of the spinal cord (preganglionic)

ganglion (postganglionic)

Question 16

what are the three sacral nerves (of the thoracolumbar)

Answer 16

sacral (S2-S4) - reproductive organs and urinary bladder

Question 17

brain and spinal cord originate from

Answer 17

neural tube

Question 18

homeostasis carried by two systems

Answer 18

endocrine and nervous system

Question 19

ANS vs Somatic

Answer 19

2 motor neurons vs 1 motor neuron

Question 20

the sympathetic nervous system facilitates

Answer 20

emergency flight or flight responses

Question 21

an example of antagonist effects of dual control

Answer 21

heart (same effector): speeds up or down

iris (different effector): pupillary dilator or constrictor

Question 22

cell bodies (presynaptic neurons of parasympathetic divison) are in the gray matter of

Answer 22

the brain and sacral segments of the spinal cord

Question 23

part of the nervous system that can generate sympathetic signals

Answer 23

thoracolumbar > lumbar and thoracic (T1-L2)

Question 24

most nerves distributing AN fibers also convey

Answer 24

visceral sensory nerve fibers from the viscera and conduct impulses for pains and reflexes

Question 25

what connects the CNS with an end organ (smooth muscle, gland, modified cardiac muscle)

Answer 25

two neurons, presynaptic and a postsynaptic fiber

Question 26

the ANS controls

Answer 26

functions of the body not under conscious control

Question 27

What controls the ANS?

Answer 27

the hypothalamus

Question 28

hypothalamus also controls

Answer 28

hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, emotions and sexuality

Question 29

where do the presynaptic nerve fibers terminate in

Answer 29

sympathetic ganglia (formed of the cell bodies of postsynaptic sympathetic neurons)

Question 30

sympathetic

Answer 30

fight or flight

Question 31

control without dual innervation

Answer 31

blood pressure

Question 32

enteric nervous system includes

Answer 32

postsynaptic parasympathetic and | other neurons that serve the GI tract

Question 33

the parasympathetic system is distributed only to (4 places)

Answer 33

viscera of the head viscera of the neck cavities of the trunk erectile tissues of the genitalia

Question 34

most nerves distributing autonomic nerve fibers > body cavities, also convey

Answer 34

visceral sensory nerve fibers from the viscera that conduct impulses for pain or reflexes

Question 35

ANS has what type of innervation

Answer 35

dual (excitatory and inhibitory)

Question 36

preganglionic neuron (sympathetic and parasympathetic) is located in the

Answer 36

CNS

Question 37

divisions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic have

Answer 37

opposite but coordinated effects

Question 38

the ANS is a subdivision of the

Answer 38

motor nervous system

Question 39

preganglionic fiber in the sympathetic is short or long

Answer 39

short

Question 40

main neurotransmitter released from preganglionic neurons

Answer 40

acetylcholine

Question 41

where are the sympathetic ganglia located

Answer 41

``` sympathetic trunks (paravertebral ganglia) or abdominal aorta (prevertebral ganglia) - around the roots of the major branches ```

Question 42

presynaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic division are found

Answer 42

only in the interomediolateral cell columns of gray matter in the thoracolumbar spinal cord, organized somatotopically

Question 43

the ANS can be divided into two subdivisions

Answer 43

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 44

somatic nervous system controlled by

Answer 44

motor cortex

Question 45

what are the four major cranial nerves (of the craniosacral)

Answer 45

cranial III, VII, IX, X (3,7,9,10) - occulomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

Question 46

ANS supplies

Answer 46

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 47

the parasympathetic system is involved with

Answer 47

body conservation and often reverses the effects of sympathetic stimulation

Question 48

norepinephrine and epinephrine are released from the parasympathetic or sympathetic ganglionic fibers

Answer 48

sympathetic (short > blood vessel > target)

Question 49

two places where sympathetic and parasympathetic cooperate

Answer 49

1) salivary glands | 2) sexual intercourse