Integumentary Flashcards by Kim Kelly

Largest system of the body

Integument

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The integumentary system is made up of what two parts

Cutaneous membrane

Accessory structures

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Cutaneous membrane (skin) consists of what two types of tissues

1) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

2) areolar (papillary layer of dermis)

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Two components of cutaneous membrane

1) Epidermis (outer)

2) Dermis (inner)

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Names for subcutaneous layer

Superficial fascia or hypodermis

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Subcutaneous layer is located below what

Dermis

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Subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia or hypodermis) is made of what type of tissue

Loose connective tissue

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Functions of the skin

Protects (tissues and organs)
Excretes (salt, water, wastes)
Maintains (temperature - insulation and evaporation)
Synthesizes (Vit D)
Stores (lipids)
Detects (pressure, pain, temperature)

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Type of tissue of epidermis

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

Avascular

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Nutrients and O2 diffuse from what tissues into the epidermis

Dermis

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Cells of the epidermis

Keratinocytes

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Most abundant cells in the epidermis

Keratinocytes

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Epidermis has how many strata of keratinocytes

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Name the five strata of the epidermis

Stratum:

Germinativum
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum

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Name the 4 types of cells of the epidermis

Keratinocytes
Langerhans’
Melanocytes
Merkel

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Stratum germinativum is also known as

Stratum basale

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The germinative layer is the

Stratum germiativum

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Which strata has many stem or basal cells

Stratum germinativum

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Of the structure of the epidermis, what strata builds a strong bond with the epidermis and dermis

Stratum germinatiu, (basale)

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Forms epidermal ridges

Strata Germinativum (Stratum Basale)

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Responsible for increasing the area of the basal lamina

Dermal papillae

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Responsible for the strengthening the attachment between the epidermis and dermis

Dermal papillae

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Layer of dead, protective cells made up of

Cells filled with keratin

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Keratinization occurs on all exposed skin surfaces except

Eyes

Days for epidermis to move from Stratum Germinativum to the Stratum Corneum

15-30 days

Keratinization is the process in which the epidermis

Moves from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum and then forms a layer of dead, protective cells filled with keratin

Cells that make the majority of the epidermis

Keratinocytes

Cells of the epidermis containing macrophages

Langerhans’

Cells of the epidermis that protect against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens

Langerhans

Melanocytes are located in what stratum of the epidermis

Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

Pigment producing cells of the epidermis

Melanocytes

Cells of the epidermis responsible for sense of touch

Merkel

Cells that produce Vitamin D

Epidermal cells

Vitamin D aids in the absorption of what to compounds

Calcium and Phosphorus

Disease causes by insufficient Vitamin D

Rickets

Responsible for anchoring accessory structures (hair, sweat glands) of the epidermis

Dermis

What are the two layers of the dermis?

``` Papillary layer (outer) Reticular layer (deep) ```

Reticular layer of dermis is made up of what tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue

Reticular layer is considered the deep or outer layer of the dermis

Deep

Papillary layer of the dermis is made from what type of tissue

Areolar

Dermis layer consisting of collagen and elastic fibers

Reticular layer

Fibers present in the dermis

Collagen fibers and elastic fibers (reticular layer)

Fibers of the dermis that provide the most flexibility

Collagen (resist stretching but bend easily)

Fibers of the dermis that permit stretching and then recoil to original strength

Elastic

Fibers in the dermis that limit the flexibility of collagen (to prevent damage)

Elastic

Terms used for flexibility and resilience of the dermis

Skin turgor

Monitors Merkel cells in the dermis

Tactile discs

Nerves that innervate the dermis control what three functions

Blood flow Gland secretions Sensory receptors

Exocrine glands of the skin

Sebaceous | Sweat

Sebaceous glands secrete

Sebum

Sebaceous glands are considered what type of glands

Holocrine

Sweat glands consists of what two types of glands

Apocrine | Merocrine (eccrine)

Sweat glands are responsible for what type of secretions

Watery

Two functions of sebum

Lubricates and protects | Inhibits bacteria

Sebaceous follicles

Discharge directly on skin surface | Produce sebum

Apocrine sweat glands are located

Armpits Nipples Groin

Apocrine glands secrete products into

Hair follicles

Produce sticky, cloudy secretions that cause odors when broken down

Apocrine

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands are located

Widely distributed throughout the body

Merocrine sweat glands are concentrated especially on what two parts of the body

Palms and soles of feet

Merocrine glands secrete (discharge) where

Skin surface

Glands that cool skin, excretes water and electrolytes, flushes toxins/pathogens from skin

Merocrine (eccrine)

Integumentary Glands

Sebaceous Sweat Mammary Ceruminous

Earwax is produced by what integumentary gland

Ceruminous gland

Function of the ceruminous glands

Protect the eardrum

Hypodermis is also considered the

Subcutaneous layer

Two tissues that make up the subcutaneous layer

Elastic areolar | Adipose tissue

Hypodermis is connected to the what layer of the dermis

Reticular layer

Hypodermis is connected to the reticular layer of the dermis by what type of fiber

Connective tissue fibers

Few capillaries and no vital organs in this layer

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Hypodermic needles used for injections

In subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Responsible for pink color of skin

Hemoglobin

Skin reddens when blood vessels

Dilate

Bluish skin color is referred to as

Cyanosis

Melanocytes produce

Melanin

Melanin provides protection from

UV light

Found in stratum corneum

Carotene (produces yellowish tint to skin)

Jaundice caused by

Buildup of bile in the liver

Gland involved in Addison’s disease

Pituitary gland

Two other names for tension lines

Cleavage or Langer

Tension lines run transversely in what areas of the body

Neck and trunk

Tension lines run longitudinally in what area of the body

Limbs

Skins wrinkles are result of

Deteriorating elastic fibers that are not replaced

L. retinacula cutis refers to

Skin ligaments

Burns can be caused by

Temperature, UV, ionizing radiation, chemicals

Burns classified on

Depth and need for surgical intervention

Most severe burn

4th degree (numbers not used to classify other burns)

Percentage of body to be burned to be considered severe

20%

Classifications of burns uses what rule

Rule of nines

Risk of death by burns increased by what three factors

1) age > 60 2) > 40% surface area burns (partial-thickness and full-thickness) 3) inhalation injury

L. fasciae

Fascias

Tissue type of deep fascia

Dense, organized connective tissue (no fat)

Constitute wrapping, packing and insulting

Fascia

Cloaked sacs or envelopes of synovial membrane

Bursae

Specialized type of elongated bursae that around wrap around tendons

Synovial tendon sheaths

Delicate, serous membranes that are collapsed

Bursae

Most severe burn classification

4th degree

delicate connective tissue membrane capable of secreting fluid to lubricate a smooth internal surface

bursae

bursae are closed sacs or envelopes of what type of membrane

synovial

facilitates movements over tendons over bone

subtendinous bursae

lies beneath the deep fascia

subfascial bursae

occurs in the subcutaneous tissue between the skin and bony prominences

subcutaneous bursae

elongated bursae that wrap around tendons, enclose tendons that transverse osseofibrous tunnels that anchros tendons in place

synovial tendon sheaths

communicate with synovial cavities of joints

bursae

responsible for goose bumps

arrector muscle of hair follicule

layer in considered to be the skin

hypodermis

Cutaneous membrane of skin

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium | aerolar (dermis - papillary layer)

Skin

keratinized stratified squamous epitheliuem aerolar (dermis) reticular (dermis)

Dead cells, represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin; glycolipids in extracellular space

stratum corneum

Flattened cells; organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules

stratum granulosum

contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

stratum spinosum

cells actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers

stratum basale

Integumentary Flashcards

(113 cards)