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NCM-106 > ANS and Cardio > Flashcards

ANS and Cardio Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

the body’s primary nervous system and consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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2
Q

located outside the brain and spinal cord, made up of two divisions: autonomic and somatic

A

peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

acts on smooth muscles and glands. An involuntary nervous system over which we have little or no control

A

autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

voluntary system that innervates skeletal muscle. over which there is control

A

somatic nervous system

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5
Q

the two sets of neurons in the autonomic component of the PNS

A

-afferent, or sensory neurons
-efferent, or motor neurons

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6
Q

send impulses to the CNS, where they are interpreted

A

afferent neurons

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7
Q

receive the impulses from the brain and transmit these impulses through the spinal cord to the effector organ cells

A

efferent neurons

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8
Q

efferent pathways of ANS are divided into 2 branches

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

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9
Q

the sympathetic nervous system is also called

A

adrenergic system

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10
Q

the parasympathetic system is also called

A

cholinergic system

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11
Q

neurotransmitter of SNS

A

norepinephrine

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12
Q

neurotransmitter of PNS

A

acetylcholine

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13
Q

list bodily functions of SNS

A

-pupils dilate
-saliva inhibited
-airways dilate
-heart rate increases
-stomach inhibits digestion
-liver releases glucose
-intestines inhibit digestions
-kidneys release adrenaline
-bladder relaxes
-reproductive system decreases blood flow

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14
Q

list bodily functions of PNS

A

-pupils contract
-salivation
-airways contract
-heart rate slows
-stomach digests
-intestines digest
-bladder constrict
-reproductive system increases blood flow

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15
Q

mechanism of adrenergic agonists

A

mimic norepinephrine or epinephrine

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16
Q

examples of adrenergic agonists

A

-epinephrine (anaphylaxis)
-albuterol (asthma)
-dobutamine (heart failure)

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17
Q

mechanism of adrenergic antagonists

A

block effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine

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18
Q

examples of adrenergic antagonists

A

-propranolol (hypertension)
-atenolol (angina)
-prazosin (BPH)

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19
Q

list the 2 cholinergic receptors

A

muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

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20
Q

mediate rest-and-digest functions

A

muscarinic receptors

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21
Q

involved in muscle contraction and transmission

A

nicotinic receptors

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22
Q

mechanism of cholinergic agonists

A

mimic acetylcholine

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23
Q

examples of cholinergic agonists

A

-bethanechol (urinary retention)
-pilocarpine (glaucoma)

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24
Q

mechanism of anticholinergics

A

block acetlycholine at muscarinic receptors

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25
examples of anticholinergics
-atropine (bradycardia) -ipratropium (COPD) -scopolamine (motion sickness)
26
adverse effects of adrenergic drugs
-tachycardia -hypertension -anxiety
27
adverse effects of cholinergic drugs
-bradycardia -hypotension -increased secretions
28
adverse effects of anticholinergics
-dry mouth -constipation -urinary retention
29
what does RAAS stand for
renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
30
an enzyme located in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, is released when blood pressure decreases.
renin
31
angiotensin II acts on the ________ gland for stimulate release of ____________
1. adrenal 2. aldosterone
32
angiotensin II is a ___________ of all blood vessels. It acts on the _________ muscle
1. constrictor 2. smooth
33
class of drugs that increase the amount of urine the body produces, helping to remove excess fluid and salt
Diuretics
34
list examples of osmotic diuretics
Mannitol, Glycerin, Isosorbide, Urea
35
list examples of loop diuretics
Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torsemide
36
list examples of Thiazide diuretics
chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide
37
list examples of potassium sparing diuretics
eplerenone, spironolactone
38
type of diuretic that inhibits reabsorption of water and sodium
osmotic diuretics
39
class of drugs that increase urine production to treat fluid overload conditions, such as heart failure, hypertension, and edema
loop diuretics
40
class of drugs that inhibit the reabsorption of 3% to 5% of luminal sodium in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron
thiazide diuretics
41
drugs that cause diuresis without causing potassium loss in the urine. They are typically used as an adjunct in management of hypertension, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure
potassium sparing diuretics
42
blocks activation of beta ONE and TWO receptors in SNS, stops fight or flight
non-selective beta adrenergic antagonists
43
blocks activation of beta ONE receptors in SNS, stops fight or flight
selective beta adrenergic antagonist
44
blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and decreases aldosterone leading to vasodilation
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEs)
45
inhibits vasoconstrictive properties of angiotensin II
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
46
list calcium channel blockers that act on the heart and the blood vessels
-Verapamil -Diltiazem
47
list calcium channel blockers that act ONLY on the blood vessels
-Nifedipine -Amlodipine -Felodipine -Isradipine -Nicardipine -Nimodipine
48
what are the drug endings for ACE inhibtors/ARBs
-pril/ -sartan
49
what are the drug endings of BETA BLOCKERS
-olol
50
what are the drug endings of CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
-mil/ -dipine
51
what are the drug endings of DIURETICS
-ide
52
drug examples of ARBs
-losartan -valsartan -irbesartan
53
drug examples of ACEs
-enalapril -lisinopril -captopril
54
drug examples of selective Beta Adrenergic Antagonists
-acebutolol -ateneolol -betaxolol
55
drug examples of non-selective Beta Adrenergic Antagonists
-propranolol -nadolol -pindolol
56
A patient with heart failure reports nausea and vision changes after starting digoxin. What do you suspect
the patient has digoxin toxicity
57
reduces venous return to heart, causing a decrease in ventricular contraction
venodilators
58
examples of anticoagulants
-heparin -warfarin
59
examples of antiplatelets
-aspirin -clopidogrel
60
examples of thrombolytics
-alteplase
61
how do anticoagulants differ from antiplatelets
Anticoagulants slow down the process of clotting. Antiplatelet agents prevent platelets from clumping to form a clot
62
why are statins often the first choice for lipid lowering
Statins decrease the body's production of cholesterol and increase removal of cholesterol by the liver so they reduce LDL cholesterol levels by as much as 25 to 55 percent

NCM-106 (4 decks)

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