ANS and CNS Pharmacotherapy

Question 1

PNS Effect on Heart

Answer 1

• M2: decrease HR, conductance, and AV

Question 2

PNS Effect on Vessels

Answer 2

• PNS had no effect.
• [M] present, but not innervated; vasodilation by muscarinic agonist only.

Question 3

PNS Effect on Lungs

Answer 3

• [M] Bronchial Constriction

Question 4

PNS Effect on Eye

Answer 4

• [M] Miosis (constriction) and Focus
• [M} Increase in aqueous humor outflow

Question 5

PNS Effect on GI

Answer 5

• [M] Increase motility (paralytic Ileus) and secretion (Xerostomia)

Question 6

PNS Effect on GU

Answer 6

• [M] open sphincter and contract bladder/detrusor muscle

Question 7

PNS Effect on NMJ

Answer 7

[Nm} Muscle Contraction

Question 8

PNS Effect on CNS

Answer 8

M: Memory, Cognition, and Movement

Question 9

SNS Effect on Heart

Answer 9

• [B1] Increase HR, conduction, and AV

Question 10

SNS Effect on Vessels

Answer 10

• [a1] constriction (increase BP in resistance vessels)
• [B2] dilate and increase BF, and therefore perfusion to skeletal muscles
• [a2] decrease in blood pressure

Question 11

SNS Effect on Lungs

Answer 11

• [B2] bronchioles dilate, increase in humor production (increase in IOP), promote uterine relaxation

Question 12

SNS Effect on Eye

Answer 12

• [a1] mydriasis (dilatiaon of pupil)
• [B2] Increase aqueous humor, which increases intraocularpressure.

Question 13

SNS Effect on GI

Answer 13

• [B2,3] decrease contraction in detrusor muscle
• B1- increased renin in kidney

Question 14

SNS Effect on GU

Answer 14

• [a2] decrease ACh release

Question 15

Cholinergic (PNS) Agonists

Answer 15

• [M] Pilocarpine, Bethanecol
• (i) Neostigmine, Pyridosigmine, Edrophonium, Donepezil, Organophosphate Nerve Gas

Question 16

Cholinergic (PNS) Antagonists

Answer 16

• [M] Atropine, Scopolamine, Benztropine, Oxybuytnin, Tolterodine, Ipratropium, Tiotropium
• [Nm] Atracurium, Rocuronium, Succinylcholine

Question 17

Adrenergic (SNS) Agonists

Answer 17

• [a1, B1, B2] epinephrine
• [a1, B1] NE
• [B1, B2] Isoproterenol
• [B2] Albuterol
• [a1] Phenylephrine
• [i] Pseudoephrine (increase storage and release)
• [B1] Dobutamine
• [i] Dopamine [D1]

Question 18

Adrenergic (SNS) Antagonists

Answer 18

• [a1] Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin
• [B1] Metoprolol, Atenolol
• [B1, B2] Propanolol
• {a1. B1, B2] Labetalol, Carvedilol
• [a2 agonist] Clonidine

Question 19

Seizure Pathophysiology

Answer 19

• Decrease GABA, Increase Glu

Question 20

Anxiety Pathophysiology

Answer 20

• Decrease GABA, increase NE, decrease 5’HT

Question 21

Insomnia Pathophysiology

Answer 21

• decrease in GABA

Question 22

Alzheimer’s Pathophysiology

Answer 22

• increase Glu, decrease ACh

Question 23

Pain

Answer 23

• increase Glu, increase NE, increase 5’HT

Question 24

Anesthesia

Answer 24

• increase GABA, decrease Glu

Question 25

Parkinson's Pathophysiology

Answer 25

* Increase ACh, decrease DA

Question 26

Psychoses Pathophysiology

Answer 26

* decrease ACh (nicotinic), increase DA

Question 27

Depression Pathophysiology

Answer 27

* decrease in serotonin and NE

Question 28

CNS Effects with: * Muscarinic Agonist * Muscarinic Antagonist * Adrenergic Agonist * Adrenergic Antagonist

Answer 28

* Muscarinic Agonist: memory, cognition, movement [Alzheimer's] * Muscarinic Antagonist: [Parkinson's, Anti-Emetic] * Adrenergic Agonist: Increase vigilence and focus [ADHD] * Adrenergic Antagonist: [Stage Fright, Essential Tremor]

Question 29

NMJ Effects with: * Muscarinic Agonist * Muscarinic Antagonist * Adrenergic Agonist * Adrenergic Antagonist

Answer 29

* Muscarinic Agonist: Muscle Contraction [Myasthenia Grvais] * Muscarinic Antagonist: Flaccid Paralysis [Surgery- Muscle Relaxation] * Adrenergic Agonist: [B2] *Muscle tremors* * Adrenergic Antagonist: N/A