ANS Intro

Question 1

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

arterioles

SNS or PSNS

Answer 1

vasodilation, increased peripheral blood flow, hypotension

sympathetic/adrenergic

Question 2

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

veins

SNS/PSNS

Answer 2

dilation, peripheral pooling of blood, decreased venous return, decreased cardiac output

sympathetic/adrenergic

Question 3

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

heart

SNS/PSNS

Answer 3

tachycardia

PSNS/cholinergic

Question 4

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

iris

SNS/PSNS?

Answer 4

mydriasis (dilation)

PSNS (cholinergic)

Question 5

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

ciliary muscle

SNS/PSNS?

Answer 5

cyclopegia (focus to far vision)

PSNS/cholinergic

Question 6

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

gastrointestinal tract

SNS/PSNS?

Answer 6

reduced tone/motility, constipation, decreased gastric and pancreatic secretions

PSNS/cholinergic

Question 7

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

urinary bladder

SNS/PSNS

Answer 7

urinary retention

PSNS/cholinergic

Question 8

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

salivary glands

SNS/PSNS

Answer 8

xerostomia (dry mouth)

PSNS/cholinergic

Question 9

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

sweat glands

SNS/PSNS

Answer 9

anhidrosis

SNS/cholinergic

Question 10

If we block the ganglia, what happens in the

genital tract

SNS/PSNS

Answer 10

decreased stimulation

SNS and PSNS

Question 11

Adrenergic receptors are found mostly in the ____ nervous system.

Answer 11

Adrenergic receptors are found mostly in the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

2 types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 12

muscarinic and nictonic

Question 13

Type of receptor
* alpha-adrenergic:
* beta-adrenergic:
* muscarinic:
* nicotinic:

Answer 13

Type of receptor
* alpha-adrenergic: GPCR
* beta-adrenergic: GPCR
* muscarinic: GPCR
* nicotinic: ligand-gated ion channel

Question 14

____ is the pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the whole ANS.

Answer 14

Acetylcholine is the pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the whole ANS.

Question 15

____ is the primary neurotransmitter for most post-ganglionic sympathetic effectors. ____ and ____ are the exceptions.

Answer 15

Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter for most post-ganglionic sympathetic effectors. Piloerector muscles and sweat glands are the exceptions.

Question 16

Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter for most post-ganglionic ____ effectors. Piloerector muscles and sweat glands use ____.

Answer 16

Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter for most post-ganglionic sympathetic effectors. Piloerector muscles and sweat glands use acetylcholine.

Question 17

All parasympathetic effectors use ____ as a neurotransmitter.

Answer 17

All parasympathetic effectors use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.

Question 18

Parasympathetic ganglia exit at ____ and cranial nerves ____ , ____ , ____ , and ____.

Answer 18

Parasympathetic ganglia exit at sacral nerves and cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10.

craniosacral

Question 19

____ ganglia exit at sacral nerves and cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10.

Answer 19

Parasympathetic ganglia exit at sacral nerves and cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10.

craniosacral

Question 20

Parasympathetic nerves have ____ preganglionic fibers and ____ postganglionic fibers.

Answer 20

Parasympathetic nerves have long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers.

Question 21

____ nerves have long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers.

Answer 21

Parasympathetic nerves have long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers.

Question 22

Sympathetic nerves have ____ preganglionic fibers and ____ postganglionic fibers.

Answer 22

Sympathetic nerves have short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers.

Question 23

____ nerves have short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers.

Answer 23

Sympathetic nerves have short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers.

Question 24

Sympathetic ganglia exit between ____ and ____.

Answer 24

Sympathetic ganglia exit between T1 and L2/3.

Question 25

____ ganglia exit between T1 and L2/3.

Answer 25

**Sympathetic** ganglia exit between T1 and L2/3.

Question 26

Sympathetic receptor types

Answer 26

alpha and beta

Question 27

function of alpha 1 receptors

Answer 27

activated by Gaq to increase Ca2+

Question 28

function of alpha 2 receptors

Answer 28

activated by Gai to inhibit neurotransmitter release

Question 29

function of b1 receptors

Answer 29

stimulate contraction of heart

Question 30

function of b2 receptors

Answer 30

relax smooth muscles

Question 31

cAMP increases contraction in ____ muscle and decreases contractions in ____ muscle.

Answer 31

cAMP increases contraction in **heart** muscle and decreases contractions in **smooth** muscle.

Question 32

Alpha 1 receptors and M3 receptors both use ____ to stimulate ____ and ____.

Answer 32

Alpha 1 receptors and M3 receptors both use **Gaq** to stimulate **calcium release** and **contraction**.

Question 33

# function of adrenergic receptors in the heart

Answer 33

b1-increase heart rate, conduction, contractility

Question 34

# function of adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels of skeletal muscle

Answer 34

a1-increase contraction b2-decrease contraction

Question 35

# function of adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels of skin and mucosa

Answer 35

a1-increase contraction

Question 36

# function of adrenergic receptors in the bronchial muscle

Answer 36

decrease contraction

Question 37

# function of adrenergic receptors in the skeletal muscle

Answer 37

none

Question 38

# function of adrenergic receptors in the detrusor | urinary bladder

Answer 38

b2/b3-decrease contraction (fill)

Question 39

# function of adrenergic receptors in the trigone/sphincter | urinary bladder

Answer 39

a1-contract (not pee)

Question 40

# function of adrenergic receptors in the uterus

Answer 40

a1-increase contractions b2-decrease contractions

Question 41

# function of adrenergic receptors in the kidney

Answer 41

b1-increase renin release

Question 42

# function of adrenergic receptors in the adrenergic neurons

Answer 42

a2-decrease norepinephrine release hyperpolarize CNS