Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

block 2 > peripheral blood and hematopoesis > Flashcards

peripheral blood and hematopoesis Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Platelets (do/do not) have a nucleus.

A

Platelets do NOT have a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RBC cytoskeletons consist of

A

spectrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe features of spectrin

A
  • found in RBCs
  • springy, flexible
  • connected to membrane via glycophorins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three formed elements of blood

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Components of the buffy coat

A

platelets, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After centrifugation of whole blood, what is found in the plasma?

A

water (92%), electrolytes, nutrients, gases, waste, PROTEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the protein makeup of plasma

A

58% albumin
37% globulin
4% fibronogen
1% regulatory proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe hematocrit

A

percentage by volume of packed RBCs in a sample of blood after centrifugation (usually 36-47%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe differences between plasma and serum

A
  • plasma minus fibronogen=serum
  • serum contains growth factor and other proteins derived from clot formation
  • plasma is just the supernatant after centrifuge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of plasma proteins

functions of albumin

A

maintain oncotic pressure in microvasculature, transport of fatty acids, electrolytes, hormones, bilirubin, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of plasma proteins

function of globulins

A

alpha-transport of lipids, hormones, metals
beta-transport of hormones, iron, proteolysis of fibrin clots
gamma-immunoglobulins and antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of plasma proteins

function of fibronogen and other proteins

A

fibrin, enzymes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

key erythrocyte characteristics

A
  • 7.5 microns
  • biconcave disks
  • no nuclei or mitochondria
  • eosinophilic
  • integral proteins (glycophorins)=blood type
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What components of the RBC cytoskeleton enable flexibility?

A

spectrin A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the types of abnormalities in RBCs?

A

poikilocytosis-shape irregularity
anisocytosis-size irregularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

three functions of RBCs

A
  • transport of gases
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • chloride-bicarbonate exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adult hemoglobin is a tetramer of which globins

A

2 alpha, 2 beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sickle cell is caused by

A

missense mutation (glu to val) in beta hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

implications of sickle cell

A
  • loss of flexibility in RBCs
  • lack of capillary blood flow
  • hypoxia, pain, tissue damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

neutrophils

(granular/agranular)

A

granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eosinophils

(granular/agranular)

A

granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

basophils

(granular/agranular)

A

granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

monocytes

(granular/agranular)

A

agranular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lymphocytes

(granular/agranular)

A

agranular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe the nucleus of neutrophils. When are they banded or segmented?
* **polymorphonuclear**: 2-5 interconneted lobes * banded when immature * segmented when old | in females, one lobe may be Barr body (inactive X chromosome)
26
Visible purples granules with lysosomal proteases | Primary or secondary
primary/azurophilic
27
small, indistinguishable granules that stain pink | primary or secondary
secondary/specific
28
neutrophil functions
* **inflammatory response** * secretion of cytokines, chemokines, proinflammatory mediators
29
NADPH oxidase is found in the membrane of which leukocytes
neutrophils | (used for killing infectious organisms)
30
Eosinophil nucleus
* two lobes connected by chromatin
31
Components of specific/secondary granules in eosinophils
* major basic protein * eosinophil cationic protein * peroxidase, lipase, RNase | very few azurophilic granules
32
eosinophil function
* **infection fighting** (esp. parasitic worms and viruses) * **allergic reactions** * **asthma**
33
basophil characteristics
everything is obscured by specific granules
34
basophil secondary granule contents
* heparin * histamine * eosinophil chemotactic factor * phospholipase A ** stain purple** | very few primary granules
35
basophil function
* secrete proinflammatory mediators in response to antigens and allergens * IgE receptors to trigger immune responses
36
lymphocyte nucleus
* large, almost whole cell * indented in larger lymphocytes * condensed chromatin
37
classes of lympocytes
* B lymphocytes * T lymphocytes * Natural killer cells | cannot differentiate histologically
38
function of lymphocytes
innate and acquired immunity
39
monocyte nucleus
C-shaped saddlebag
40
features of monocytes
* very large (3xRBC) * visible vacuoles * many small primary granules * no secondary granules
41
functions of monocytes
* precursor for macrophages * antigen presenting cells
42
features of platelets
* membrane-bound fragments with no nucleus * 1/2 size of RBC
43
function of platelets
* blood clotting * plugging leaks in capillaries/small venules
44
central region of platelet
granulomere
45
outer region of platelets
hyalomere
46
components of granulomere
* **alpha granules**-platelet-derived growth factor, TGFb, clotting proteins * **delta granules**- serotonin/ATP/ADP * **glycogen granules**
47
components of hyalomere
* **marginal bundle**-microfilaments and microtubules (give contractile properties) * **open canalicular system**-platelet plasma membrane pieeces (for degranulation by exocytosis) * **ER** for degranulation via calcium release * **glycoalyx** for adhesion to connective tissue
48
Differential counting via blood smear must include at least ____ leukocytes
differential counting via blood smear must include at least **100** leukocytes
49
Flow cytometry measures cell size with ____.
Flow cytometry measures cell size with **forward angle light scatter**.
50
Flow cytometry measures granularity and nuclear lobulation with ____.
Flow cytometry measures granularity and nuclear lobulation with size/side scatter light.
51
half life of neutrophils in blood
6 hours
52
half life of neutrophils in tissues
1-4 days
53
average lifespan of RBCs
120 days
54
platelets are derived from
megakaryocytes
55
bilobate nuclei are a feature of which leukocyte
eosinophils
56
methods of differential counting
blood smear and flow cytometry
57
erythrocyte stacks in capillaries
rouleaux
58
fetal hemoglobin is made of ____ and ____ subunits
fetal hemoglobin is made of **2 alpha** and **2 gamma** subunits
59
platelet lifespan
8-10 days
60
Normal Ranges of * Neutrophils * Lymphocytes * Monocytes * Eosinophils * Basophils
Normal Ranges of * Neutrophils: 54-62% * Lymphocytes: 25-33% * Monocytes: 3-7% * Eosinophils: 1-3% * Basophils: 0-0.75%
61
Common myeloid progenitor gives rise to all cells except
lymphocytes | common lymphoid progenitor makes this
62
Primordial hematopoesis occurs in the ____ between ____ in utero.
Primordial hematopoesis occurs in the **embryonic yolk sac** between **3-6 weeks in utero**.
63
Hepatosplenothymic hematopoesis happens between ____ in utero.
Hepatosplenothymic hematopoesis happens between **6 weeks to 6 months** in utero.
64
The primary site of hematopoesis by the 7th month in utero is____.
The primary site of hematopoesis by the 7th month in utero is **medullary bone marrow**. | begins shift in 3rd month in utero
65
Four types of myeloid lineage
* erythropoesis * granulopoesis * monocytopoesis * thrombopoesis
66
Products of * erythropoesis * granulopoesis * monocytopoesis * thrombopoesis
* **erythropoesis:** RBCs * **granulopoesis:** neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils *** monocytopoesis:**monocytes * **thrombopoesis:** megakaryotes
67
progenator cells are also referred to as
colony forming units
68
cell type
Proerythroblast
69
proerythroblast characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
proerythroblast characteristics * **size:** 20-25 microns * **nucleus:**large, round, lacy chromatin * **nucleolus:**present, not prominent * **cytoplasm:**basophilic * **mitosis:**yes
70
basophilic erythroblast characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
basophilic erythroblast characteristics * **size:**15-20 microns * **nucleus:**large with condensed chromatin * **nucleolus:**none * **cytoplasm:**super basophilc (dark) * **mitosis:**yes
71
polychromatophilic erythroblast characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
polychromatophilic erythroblast characteristics * **size:** 12-15 microns * **nucleus:** "checkerboard" condensed chromatin pattern * **nucleolus:** none * **cytoplasm:** mixture of acidophilic and basophilic * **mitosis:** yes
72
orthochromatophilic erythroblast characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
orthochromatophilic erythroblast characteristics * **size:** 10-15 microns * **nucleus:** highly condensed eyeball * **nucleolus:**none * **cytoplasm:** mostly eosinophilic due to hemoglobin * **mitosis:** no
73
erythrocyte characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
erythrocyte characteristics * **size:** 7-9 microns * **nucleus:** extruded * **nucleolus:** none * **cytoplasm:** eosinophilic * **mitosis:** no
74
reticulocytes are
immature RBCs with polyribosomes
75
Time needed to generate erythrocytes: Rate of erythrocyte production:
Time needed to generate erythrocytes: **10 days** Rate of erythrocyte production: **210 billion/70kg person/day**
76
Time needed to generate granulocytes: Rate of granulocyte production:
Time needed to generate granulocytes: **14 days** Rate of granulocyte production: **600 million/70kg person/day**
77
myeloblast characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
myeloblast characteristics * **size:** 10-15 microns * **nucleus:** large and round, fine chromatin * **nucleolus:** multiple prominent * **cytoplasm:** tiny rim, no granules * **mitosis:** yes
78
promyelocyte characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
promyelocyte characteristics * **size:** 12-20 microns * **nucleus:** big, but with granular chromatin * **nucleolus:** multiple and prominent * **cytoplasm:** basophilic with many azurophilic granules * **mitosis:** yes
79
myelocyte characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
myelocyte characteristics * **size:** 12-17 microns * **nucleus:** ovoid with condensed chromatin * **nucleolus:** none * **cytoplasm:** azurophilic granules jwith few specific * **mitosis:** yes
80
neutrophilic metamyelocyte characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
neutrophilic metamyelocyte characteristics * **size:** 12-17 microns * **nucleus:** indented with condensed chromatin * **nucleolus:** none * **cytoplasm:** predominantly specifc granules * **mitosis:** no
81
band neutrophil characteristics * **size:** * **nucleus:** * **nucleolus:** * **cytoplasm:** * **mitosis:**
band neutrophil characteristics * **size:** 12-17 microns * **nucleus:** horseshoe shaped with condensed chromatin * **nucleolus:** none * **cytoplasm:** predominantly specific granules * **mitosis:** no
82
megakaryocyte characteristics
* 150 micron diameter * lobulated, irregularly-shaped nucleus * polyploid
83
Megakaryocyte differentiation is controlled by ____.
Megakaryocyte differentiation is controlled by **thrombopoietin**.
84
characteristics of protoplatelets
* pass through sinusoidal endothelium * growth enabled by demarcation membranes * contain microtubles for elongation * contain microfilaments to pinch off platelets

block 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions