ANS (wilcox and novak)

Question 1

2 divisions of the ans

Answer 1

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

which division of the ans deals with fight or flight

Answer 2

sympathetic

Question 3

responses to increased sympathetic activity

Answer 3

heightened mental alertness, increased metabolic rate, reduced digestive and urinary function, energy reserves activated, increased resp rate and resp passageways dilate, increased HR and BP, sweat glands activated

Question 4

sympathetic pregangnlionic neuron characteristics

Answer 4

myelinated, short, extensive branching

Question 5

sympathetic post ganglionic neuron characteristics

Answer 5

not myelinated, long, few branches

Question 6

sympathetic spinal cord origin

Answer 6

T1 - L2

Question 7

sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 7

innervates effectors in the thoracic cavity, head, and limbs

Question 8

sites of ganglia in the sympathetic pathways

Answer 8

sympathetic chain ganglia, collateral ganglia, adrenal medullae

Question 9

collateral ganglia

Answer 9

anterior to vertebrae, innervates organs in the abdominopelvic region

Question 10

adrenal medullae

Answer 10

releases NT directly into bloodstream

Question 11

responses to parasympathetic activity

Answer 11

decreased metabolic rate, decreased HR and BP, increased secretion by salivary and digestive glands, increased motility and blood flow in the digestive tract, urination and defecation stimulation

Question 12

parasympathetic preganglionic neuron characteristics

Answer 12

myelinated, long, few branches

Question 13

parasympathetic postganglionic neuron characteristics

Answer 13

not myelinated, short, few branches

Question 14

parasympathetic spinal cord origins

Answer 14

brainstem and sacral spinal cord

Question 15

autonomic neurotransmitters

Answer 15

epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, nitrous oxide

Question 16

how does the sympathetic pathway stimulate release of NE and E

Answer 16

through adrenergic receptors that will activate enzymes on the inside of the cell membrane via G proteins

Question 17

alpha adrenergic receptors stimulate

Answer 17

smooth muscle contraction

NE is more potent, release NE and E

Question 18

beta adrenergic receptors stimulate

Answer 18

smooth muscle relaxation and heart muscle contraction, release NE and E

Question 19

alpha 1 receptor action

Answer 19

more common, releases intracellular Ca from ER, has EXCITATORY effect on cell

Question 20

alpha 2 receptor action

Answer 20

lowers cAMP in cyto, has INHIBITORY effect on cell, coordinates symp/parasympathetic activities

Question 21

beta receptors action

Answer 21

increases intracellular cAMP, triggers metabolic changes, affects many organ membranes

Question 22

beta 1 receptor action

Answer 22

increases metabolic activity, HR

Question 23

beta 2 receptor action

Answer 23

relaxation of smooth muscles along resp tract, vasodilation to heart and skeletal muscles

Question 24

beta 3 receptor action

Answer 24

lipolysis

Question 25

cholinergic sympathetic terminals action

Answer 25

stimulate sweat gland secretion and dilate blood vessels, release ACh

Question 26

nitroxidergic sympathetic synapses

Answer 26

produce vasodilation and increase blood flow, release NO

Question 27

t/f. all parasympathetic neurons release ACh

Answer 27

true.

Question 28

what inactivates ACh at the synapse

Answer 28

acetylcholinesterase

Question 29

t/f. nicotinic receptors are only on the surface of parasympathetic ganglionic cells

Answer 29

false. they can also be on sympathetic ganglionic cells

Question 30

muscarinic receptor characteristics

Answer 30

at cholinergic neuromuscular/glandular junctions in the parasymp; at cholinergic junctions in the sympathetic; deal with G proteins which make them longer lasting than nicotinic and can be exitatory/inhibitory

Question 31

are nicotinic receptors on postganglionic cell or target organ?

Answer 31

post ganglionic cell and open cationic channels

Question 32

are muscarinic receptors on the post gang cell or target organ?

Answer 32

target organ and are activated by ACh

Question 33

are adrenergic receptors on the post gang cell or target organ?

Answer 33

target organ of sympathetic pathway and are activated by NE or E

Question 34

Enteric nervous system

Answer 34

Coordinates processes of GI

Question 35

Somatic nervous system

Answer 35

Controls skeletal muscles under voluntary control

Question 36

Parasympathetic origin

Answer 36

Brain stem CN III, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal cord

Question 37

Each sympathetic chain ganglia contains ___ cervical ganglia, ___ thoracic, ___ lumbar, ___ sacral, ___ coccygeal

Answer 37

3, 10-12, 4-5, 4-5, 1

Question 38

What is the only sympathetic ganglia that innervation the head?

Answer 38

Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Question 39

Carotid plexus

Answer 39

Group of neurons wrapped around internal carotid artery going to the head

Question 40

CN associated with ciliary ganglion

Answer 40

CN III

Question 41

CN associated with pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

Answer 41

CN VII

Question 42

CN associated with otic ganglion

Answer 42

CN XI

Question 43

CN associated with intramural ganglion

Answer 43

CN X

Question 44

T/f. The vagus nerve provides 50% of all parasympathetic outflow

Answer 44

False. 75%

Question 45

T/f. Nicotinic receptors are always excitatory.

Answer 45

True. For muscle contraction