ANSC 2 (Lecture) Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
What is the study of ANIMAL behavior in the animals’ natural habitat?
A
Ethology
2
Q
Who is the founder of Ethology?
A
Konrad Lorenz
3
Q
It is the rapid and irreversible learning that occurs within a few hours or days after birth. What is it called?
A
Imprinting
4
Q
What are the 3 key components of domestication?
A
Living and freely reproducing
Under the care of man
For economic advantage
5
Q
What is the normal marketable weight of a chicken?
A
1.5 - 1.8 kgs
6
Q
Domestication comes from the latin word ________ which means __________.
A
“Domesticus” - “of the home”
7
Q
What is the definition of Domestication?
A
- To adapt the behavior of the animal to fit the needs of people.
- Taming of a population of organisms in order to accentuate traits that are desirable.
8
Q
Broilers are sold in the market usually when they reach 28-35 days. True or false?
A
True
9
Q
What are the services of animals to man?
A
- Food (milk, eggs, meat)
- Ornaments and Clothing
- Sports and Recreation
- Conserve Soil and Soil Fertility
- By-products
- Stabilize Farm Economy
10
Q
____________ is a term that includes all domesticated birds which render economic services to men.
A
Poultry
11
Q
It is the science that deals with the study of birds.
A
Ornithology
12
Q
Who is the Father of Poultry Science?
A
Dr. Francisco M. Fronda
13
Q
What are the probably most domesticated birds in the world?
A
Chickens
14
Q
What is the scientific name for Chickens?
A
Gallus gallus domesticus
15
Q
__________ are the chickens that are about to lay eggs.
A
Pullets
16
Q
What are the specialized fields in Poultry?
A
- Breeder farm
- Layer farm
- Broiler farm
- Hatchery
17
Q
What are the five types of feathers?
A
- Flight
- Cover
- Semi Filoplumes
- Filoplumes
- Downy feathers
18
Q
What are the dilemmas faced by native chickens?
A
- Retain the genetically inferior ones to reproduce
- Raised under poor conditions
19
Q
What are the 4 wild ancestors of chicken?
A
- RED jungle fowl of Asia
- GRAY jungle fowl
- CEYLONESE/SRI LANKAN jungle fowl
- JAVANESE BLACK/GREEN jungle fowl
20
Q
What is the scientific name for the RED jungle fowl of Asia?
A
Gallus bankiva
21
Q
What is the scientific name for GRAY jungle fowl?
A
Gallus sonnerati
22
Q
What is the scientific name for CEYLONESE SRI LANKAN jungle fowl?
A
Gallus lafayetti
23
Q
What is the scientific name for JAVANESE BLACK/GREEN jungle fowl?
A
Gallus varius
24
Q
Distinguishing traits of breeds of Poultry species are?
A
Plumage color and pattern, comb type, and body size.
25
What are the different UTILITY CLASSIFICATIONS?
- EGG type
- MEAT type
- GENERAL PURPOSE type / DUAL purpose
- FANCY type
- FIGHTING type
26
Give examples of EGG types of chickens.
Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas, Mikawa
27
What are the characteristics of EGG type chickens?
- Their comparatively SMALL SIZE
- They lay LARGE, WHITE SHELLED eggs
- They are very ACTIVE and NERVOUS IN TEMPERAMENT
- They are NON-SITTERS
28
What are the characteristics of MEAT type chickens?
- They are LARGE, SLOW IN MOVEMENT, QUIET and GENTLE IN DISPOSITION
- They are POORER EGG LAYERS
- They lay BROWN SHELLED EGGS
29
Give examples of MEAT types of chickens.
Brahmas, Cochin, Lagshans, Cornish, White Rocks
30
Give examples of GENERAL PURPOSE types of chickens.
New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock, Lancaster, Nagoya, Cantonese
31
What are the characteristics of GENERAL PURPOSE type chickens?
- MEDIUM-SIZED GOOD LAYERS
- The young are FAST GROWERS
- NOT NERVOUS AS THE EGG CLASS but MORE ACTIVE THAN THE MEAT CLASS
32
What are the characteristics of FANCY type chickens?
- POSSESSING DECIDED BEAUTY OF PLUMAGE
- Raised as ORNAMENTALS or PETS
33
Give examples of FANCY types of chickens.
Frizzle, Bantams, Long Tailed
34
What are the characteristics of FIGHTING type chickens?
- DEVELOPED BY NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AFICIONADOS in this game.
35
Give examples of FIGHTING types of chickens.
Ruble, Hulsay, Claret, Oasis
36
What are the Four (4) Standard Classification of Chickens?
- AMERICAN class
- ASIATIC class
- MEDITERRANEAN class
- ENGLISH class
37
What are the characteristics of the AMERICAN class and its examples?
- Origin: America
- Considered as BROWN EGG LAYERS WITH YELLOW SKIN
Examples: Wyandottes, Lancaster, Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire
38
What are the characteristics of the ASIATIC class and its examples?
- Origin: Asia
- With YELLOW SKIN, LARGE BODIES WHICH ARE SQUARELY SHAPED
Examples: Brahmas, Cochin, Nagoya, Cantonese, Langshang
39
What are the characteristics of the MEDITERRANEAN class and its examples?
- Origin: Europe
- SMALLER THAN AMERICAN AND ASIATIC class
- CLEAN-LEGGED WITH WHITE CREAMY EARLOBES
Examples: Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas, Hambury, Polish, French
40
What are the characteristics of the ENGLISH class and its examples?
- Origin: English
- For EGGS and MEAT production
- Have EXCELLENT MEAT QUALITY
Examples: Orpington, Dorkings, Cornish, Australops
41
What is the origin of "Native" Chicken and its examples?
- DESCENDANTS of those from CONTINENTAL ASIA
Examples: Labuyo, Bolinao of Pangasinan, Banaba of Batangas, Camarines of BIcol, Paraokan of Palawan, Darag of Cebu
42
What is Poultry Breeding?
- A scientific practice that aims at the GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF THE BIRDS THROUGH SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS by virtue of planned reproduction
- Aim is TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FLOCK
43
Selection is?
The process of choosing individuals to be parents of the next generations.
44
What are the two types of Selection?
Natural Selection and Artificial Selection
45
Define Natural Selection.
"Survival of the fittest"
46
Define Artificial Selection.
The interference of man in achieving certain goals and personal ideas.
47
What is Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE)?
- The amount of feeds given to chicks/chickens to make them gain weight (1 kilo)
48
What are the systems of poultry breeding?
- Inbreeding and Outbreeding
49
Inbreeding is? What are the advantages and disadvantages of Inbreeding?
It is the mating of closely related individuals.
Advantage - used in developing superior strains of birds
Disadvantage - Abnormal Progeny
50
Outbreeding is? What are the different types of Outbreeding?
It is the breeding of unrelated animals, with mating pairs possessing different ancestries or pedigree
Crossbreeding - The mating of two different breeds or two inbred lines
3- way Cross (Triple Crossing) - Involves 3 generation scheme of breeding
Upgrading - The mating of a purebred to native chicken
51
What are the 3 ways of Triple Crossing?
GPS (Grand Parental Stocks) - Obtained from a long series of Inbreeding to produce a pure inbred
PS (Parental Stocks) - Product of crossing the inbred line
CS (Commercial Stocks) - Product of crossing 4 inbred lines
52
What are the different systems of Poultry Mating?
- Mass/ Flock mating
- Pen mating
- Stud mating
- Artificial Insemination
53
What is Mass / Flock mating?
- It is the mating of large numbers of birds
- High fertility rate (suggested for commercial production)
1 male = 12 females (same pen)
1 male = 15 females (breeder farm)
54
What is Pen mating?
- Lower fertility rate due to preferential mating
1 male = 8 to 25 females in one pen
55
What is Stud mating?
- Mating of individuals with a male in a cage (common in game fowl breeder)
56
What is Artificial Insemination?
- A method wherein the semen is collected from superior males
57
What is the scientific name of Pekin Duck?
Anas platyrnchos
58
What is the scientific name of the Muscovy (Bibe)?
Cairina moschata
59
What is the scientific name of Mallard (Itik)?
Anas boschas
60
What is the scientific name of Turkey?
Maleagridis gallopavo
61
What is the scientific name of Quail?
Coturnix coturnix
62
What is the scientific name of Pigeon?
Columbia livia domestica
63
What is the scientific name of Goose?
Cygnopsis cygnoides
64
What is the scientific name of Pea Fowl?
Pavo cristatus
65
What is the scientific name of Guinea Fowl?
Numida maleagris
66
What is the scientific name of Swan?
Olor columbianus
67
What is the scientific name of Ostrich?
Struthio camellus
68
What are the abnormalities an egg can have?
- Midget / Dwarf
- Double-yolked
- Egg within an egg
- Eggs with dented shell
- Soft-shelled eggs
69
Define Midget / Dwarf egg abnormality.
Small eggs, relatively small yolk
70
Define Double-yolked egg abnormality.
Two yolks may be ovulated at the same time
71
Define Egg within an egg, egg abnormality.
When egg goes back
72
Define Eggs with dented shells egg abnormality.
When the egg is kept too long in the Uterus and bumped with another egg
73
Define Soft-shelled eggs, egg abnormality.
Eggs with Calcium deficiency
74
Give the different Egg classifications.
- Jumbo/ Extra Large (62g up)
- Large (55g - 61g)
- Medium (48g - 54g)
- Small (41g - 47g)
- Peewee (below 41g)
75
What are the 2 two sexing chicks methods?
Vent method and Wing Method
76
How long is the incubation period?
21 Days
77
What is the suitable egg size for incubation?
58 g - ovoid size
78
State the harvesting processes of eggs.
- Collecting (3 -5 times a day)
- Sorting / Grading (small, medium, large)
- Marketing
79
What is the mortality rate in poultry farms?
3.5%
80
What is the interval time in laying eggs?
24 hours and 15 minutes to 25 hours
81
How many weeks of age of Layer do they produce Peewee eggs?
18 - 20 weeks of age
82
In a year, how many times could/should we harvest in Layers?
5 to 7 cycles
