Antenatal Care and Screening Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is the incidence of morning sickness?
80-85%
what can cause morning sickness to be worse?
conditions where bhcg is higher, e.g. twin, molar
which condition can morning sickness progress to?
hyperemesis gravidarum
how much does cardiac output increase by?
30-50%
how much does heart rate increase by?
from 70 to 90bpm
what is the blood flow requirement of the uterus at term?
must exceed 1L/min
when does blood pressure drop?
second trimester
what causes the blood pressure to drop in the second trimester?
expansion of the uteroplacental circulation
fall in systemic vascular resistance
reduction in blood viscosity
reduction in sensitivity to angiotensin
what causes increased urine output?
renal plasma flow increases by 25-50%
GFR increases by 50%
serum urea and creatinine decrease
what causes the decrease in serum urea and creatinine?
partly due to increased GFR
partly due to dilution effect of increased plasma volume
why is it important to treat uti in pregnancy?
associated with preterm labour
in pre-pregnancy counselling, which previous pregnancy maternal problems should you counsel regarding risk of recurrence?
caesarean section
dvt
pre-eclampsia
in pre-pregnancy counselling, which previous pregnancy foetal problems should you counsel regarding risk of recurrence?
pre-term delivery
intrauterine growth restriction
foetal abnormality
what kind of maternal problems can be identified during antenatal examination?
problems such as pre-existing or developing illness
‘minor’ problems of pregnancy such as anaemia
what kind of foetal problems can be identified during antenatal examination?
small for gestational age
foetal abnormality
what kind of social problems can be identified during antenatal examination?
support needed
domestic violence
psychiatric illness
which conditions is antenatal urinalysis screening for?
pre-eclampsia
diabetes
uti
what are the aims of abdominal palpation?
assess symphyseal fundal height (SFH) estimate size of baby estimate liquor volume determine foetal presentation listen to the foetal heart
if the baby remains in a breech presentation after 36 weeks what is normally offered?
ECV
if declined or failed, elective caesarean
which infections are all women screened for?
hepatitis B syphilis HIV rubella uti
which population of pregnant women are offered anti-D?
all rhesus negative women
when is first trimester screening carried out?
10-14 weeks
