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GIGU Midterm > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

where is the transpyloric plane found?

A

at the level of L1

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2
Q

what is found at the level of the transpyloric plane?

A

gall bladder fundus, pylorus, pancreatic neck, SMA origin, hepatic portal vein

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3
Q

where is the subcostal plane found?

A

it passes the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage

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4
Q

what is found at the level of the subcostal plane?

A

transverse colon

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5
Q

where is the transtubercle plane found?

A

between the iliac tubercles

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6
Q

what is found at the level of the transtubercle plane?

A

iliocecal junction

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7
Q

where is the interspinous plane found?

A

between ASIS

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8
Q

what is found at the level of the interspinous plane?

A

appendix and sigmoid colon

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9
Q

how high can the abdominopelvic cavity extend?

A

as high as the 4th intercostal space

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10
Q

what separates the abdomen from the pevis?

A

the imaginary border of the pelvic inlet

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11
Q

what is the abdominopelvic cavity lined by?

A

peritoneum

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12
Q

What is found directly under the integument of the abdomen?

A

camper’s fascia

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13
Q

what is found under camper’s fascia?

A

scarpa’s fascia

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14
Q

What makes up scarpa’s fascia?

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

what is scarpa’s fascia continuous with?

A

Colle’s fascia of perineum

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16
Q

what is the first layer of abdominal muscles?

A

external obliques

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17
Q

how do the external obliques run?

A

in a downward medial direction

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18
Q

what are the external obliques innervated by?

A

the ventral rami of T7-12 of the intercostal nerves

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19
Q

What is the second layer of abdominal muscles?

A

internal oblique muscle

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20
Q

how do the internal oblique muscles run?

A

upward and medially

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21
Q

some fibers of the internal oblique muscles follow the spermatic cord to make what?

A

the cremasteric muscle

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22
Q

what are the internal obliques innervated by?

A

by T7-12 and L1

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23
Q

What is the third layer of abdominal muscles?

A

transverse abdominis muscle

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24
Q

what is the transverse abdominis muscle innervated by?

A

T7-L1

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25
what is the rectus abdominis muscle innervated by?
T7-T12
26
when talking about the rectus sheath, how does the external oblique aponeurosis run?
it is always anterior to the rectus abdominis
27
when talking about the rectus sheath, how does the internal oblique aponeurosis run?
it splits in the upper 3/4s but it is all anterior in the lower 1/4th
28
when talking about the rectus sheath, how does the transversus abdominis aponeurosis run?
it is posterior to the rectus abdominis except in the lower 1/4th
29
what is the area of sharp transition where all the EO, IO, and TA aponeuroses become anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle?
the arcuate line
30
below the arcuate line, what is the rectus abdominis muscle in contact with?
the transversalis fascia
31
the iliohypogastric nerve is a branch off of what?
the ventral rami of L1
32
what is the role of the iliohypogastric nerve?
motor supply to the IO and the TA; sensory supply to the upper inguinal and hypogastric region
33
the ilioinguinal nerve is a branch off of what?
the ventral rami of L1
34
what is the role of the ilioinguinal nerve?
motor supply to the lower IO and TA muscle; sensory to the lower inguinal, anterior scrotum/labia, medial thigh
35
what artery runs along the inguinal ligament?
the superficial circumflex iliac artery
36
what artery runs deep along the inguinal ligament?
the deep circumflex iliac artery
37
what artery runs posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle?
inferior epigastric artery
38
what does the inferior epigastric artery anastomose with?
the superior epigastric artery
39
the superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of what artery?
the internal thoracic artery
40
superficial vessels superior to the umbilicus drain into what?
axillary nodes
41
superficial vessels below the umbilicus drain into what?
superficial inguinal nodes
42
how is the inguinal ligament made?
it is basically the rolled-under inferior border of the external oblique muscle aponeurosis
43
what is the inguinal ligament attached to?
to the ASIS and pubic tubercle
44
what is the conjoint tendon?
it is the combined aponeurosis of the inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominal muscle inserting onto the pubis
45
what is the superficial inguinal ring?
the external opening within the aponeurosis for the spermatic cord or round ligament
46
what is the ligament between the pubic rami and inguinal ligament; it anchors the inguinal ligament to the pubis
lacunar ligament
47
what is the continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament running along the pectin pubis?
the pectineal ligament
48
what nerve traverses the inguinal canal and exits the superficial ring lateral to the spermatic cord?
the ilioinguinal nerve
49
what is the role of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
motor function to the cremasteric muscle and sensory function to a small part of the medial thigh and scrotal/labial fascia
50
what are the false ribs?
ribs 8, 9, and 10
51
what is scarpa's fascia fused with?
the fascia lata of the lower limb
52
What surrounds the superficial inguinal ring?
crural fibers- medial crus, lateral crus, and intercrural fibers
53
Where do the gonads form originally?
near the T10 axial level
54
what are the gonads connected to?
to the future scrotal swellings by the gubernaculum
55
what is the outpocketing of the peritoneal cavity called?
processus vaginalis
56
what represents the remains of the processus vaginalis around the testes?
the tunica vaginalis
57
as the spermatic cord develops, what are the layers of the abdominal wall that are carried with it?
transversalis fascia, internal oblique, and external oblique
58
when does the communication between the peritoneum and the scrotum close?
within the first year postnatally
59
what is the medical term for an undescended testis?
cryptorchid testis
60
what is a person with a cryptorchid testis at risk for?
developing testicular cancer
61
What does the transversalis fascia make in the spermatic cord?
the internal spermatic fascia
62
what does the internal oblique make in the spermatic cord?
the cremasteric muscle
63
what does the external oblique make in the spermatic cord?
external spermatic fascia
64
What are the contents found within the spermatic cord?
vas deferens, testicular artery, testicular vein, gonadal nerves, and gonadal lymphatics
65
what is a persistent processus vaginalis?
it is a patent connection between the tunica vaginalis and abdomen
66
what is a hydrocele?
it is when peritoneal fluid accumulates within the tunica vaginalis
67
how is a hydrocele detected?
transillumination
68
what is a hematocele?
an accumulation of blood in the tunica vaginalis; opaque to light
69
where does the gubernaculum attach to during ovarian descent?
to the developing uterus
70
what does the gubernaculum form in females?
ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus
71
what is the route of the round ligament of the uterus?
it enters the deep ring and exits the superficial inguinal ring attaching to the labial swellings
72
what are the contents of the female inguinal canal?
round ligament of the uterus, ilioinguinal nerve, and the genitofemoral nerve of the genital branch
73
where is the lymphatic drainage from the scrotum?
it drains into the superficial inginal nodes and will eventually travel into the iliac and lumbar lymph nodes
74
where is the lymphatic drainage for the testes?
into the lumbar and pre-aortic lymph nodes
75
What causes the lateral umbilical fold?
inferior epigastric artery
76
what causes the medial umbilical fold?
the obliterated umbilical arteries
77
what causes the median umbilical fold?
the obliterated urachus
78
what makes up the inguinal (hasselbach's) triangle?
the inguinal ligament, the lateral border of rectus abdominis, and the lateral umbilical fold
79
what is a direct hernia?
it is medial to the inferior epigastric artery; the peritoneum/transversalis fascia is alongside the spermatic cord
80
what is an indirect hernia?
it enters the deep ring; the peritoneum is within the spermatic cord
81
what is a femoral hernia?
it is below the inguinal ligament

GIGU Midterm (19 decks)

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