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GI - MSI Spring > Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What divides true pelvis from false pelvis?

A

Linea terminalis/Pelvic inlet

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2
Q

What makes up the linea terminalis?

A

arcuate line, pecten pubis, sacral promontory

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3
Q

What is the linea semilunaris ?

A

lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle

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4
Q

Where is the linea alba?

A

Midline

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5
Q

What is the subcostal plane?

A

a horizontal plane at the 10th costal cartilages

Superior border LV3

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6
Q

What is the transtubercular plane?

A

A horizontal plane at the Tubercles of the iliac crests and body of LV5

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7
Q

What is the transumbilical plane?

A

A horizontal plane that is at LV3-4 and similar to supracristal plane (crosses the superior edges of the iliac crest)

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8
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

Horizontal plane that is at the T12-LV 1
Halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis
Goes through the pyloric part of the stomach which is ‘fixed’

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9
Q

What is a midclavicular plane?

A

Vertical plane that is midpoint of clavicle and midinguinal point

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10
Q

What is a midsagittal plane?

A

It is a median vertical line that passes through umbilicus and is aligned with linea alba

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11
Q

Davis’s ex was looking for revenge and brutally stabbed him in the R.U.Q, and he was left for dead. what could be damaged?

A

gallbladder, duodenum, right pleura, liver (right lobe), right kidney, pylorus of stomach, head of pancreas, ascending colon (superior part) and transverse colon (right half)

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12
Q

Davis got kicked in the L.U.Q by a horse. What could be damaged?

A

Spleen, stomach, left pleura, tail of the pancreas, left kidney, Liver (left lobe), jejunum and proximal ileum, Transverse colon (left half), descending colon (superior part)

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13
Q

Davis was walking in the park when an arrow from katniss struck his RLQ. What could have been pierced and skewered and then eaten?

A

right ureter, cecum, ileal diverticulum, vermiform appendix

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14
Q

Davis was trying to save a cat off of a rail in a construction site when he fell and was impaled by a bar in the LLQ. The cat was an illusion all along. What was damaged besides his brain?

A

Left ureter

descending and sigmoid colon

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15
Q

What abdominal wall muscle forms the cremaster muscle?

A

Internal oblique

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16
Q

What do the nerve, arteries and veins run between in the abdomen layers?

A

the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

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18
Q

what makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Internal abdominal oblique fibers

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19
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

the external abdominal oblique

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20
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

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21
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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22
Q

What has a sharp free edge that cuts into the femoral canal which enlarges with a femoral hernia?

A

Lacunar ligament and the pectineal ligament

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23
Q

what two muscles come together to form the conjoint tendon?

A

internal abdominal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle

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24
Q

what is the valsalva maneuver?

A

contraction of the abdominal and thoracic muscles together, with the glottis closed, raises thoracoabdominal pressure

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25
Q

What is the Scarpa’s fascia continuous with?

A

With fascia lata of thigh, deep layer of superficial perineal fascia (colles’) and penis/scrotum

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26
Q

What is the Camper’s fascia continuous with?

A

The fatty superficial layer in thorax and thighs

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27
Q

Where to superficial blood vessels run in?

A

Fatty layer of superficial fascia

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28
Q

The deep fascia of the abdominal wall is continuous over what?

A

Over spermatic cord as external spermatic fascia

Continues over pubis and perineal muscles as deep perineal fascia

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29
Q

Where is the potential space that fluid can leak into the scrotum?

A

Between the membranous layer of superficial fascia and the deep fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle

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30
Q

Where is the Arcuate line approximately located?

A

About 1/2 way between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

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31
Q

What two layers of the rectus sheath lies deep below the transversalis fascia?

A

Extra peritoneal tissue

Parietal peritoneum

32
Q

Where do the deep system of arteries originate from?

A

Superiorly: subclavian artery via internal thoracic
Mid: abdominal aorta
Inferiorly: external iliac a.

33
Q

Where does the superficial system of arteries arise from?

A

Superiorly: perforating branches
Inferiorly: branches of femoral a.

34
Q

The superficial drainage of blood occurs within what fascia?

A

Campers fascia

35
Q

What is the major drainage vessel of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Thoracoepigastric vv.

Lateral thoracic vv. And superficial epigastric vv

36
Q

Lateral cutaneous branches emerge anterior __________ region, bifurcate into ______ and _______ branches

A

Axillary

Anterior and posterior

37
Q

Anterior cutaneous branches end with ____ and _____ branches.

A

Medial and lateral

38
Q

Describe the sensory dermatome of the abdomen

A

T7-L1
T7-xiphoid region
T10 - umbilical region
L1 - inguinal fold region

39
Q

What are the nerves that innervate the muscles of the abdomen, skin and parietal peritoneum?

A

Intercostal nn (T7-T11)
Subcostal n. (T12)
Lumbar nn. (L1-L4)

40
Q

Iliohypogastric n

A

L1 (sometimes also T12)
Exits the posterior abdominal wall btwn quadratus lumborum and Psoas muscles
Becomes lateral cutaneous branch and anterior cutaneous branch (supplies supra public region)

41
Q

Ilioinguinal n

A

L1
Exits between quadratus lumborum and Psoas mm.
Enters inguinal canal and emerges through superficial inguinal ring
Supplies groin, thigh, and scrotum/lambing majus q

42
Q

Genitofemoral n.

A

L1 and L12

Exits through Psoas m. And runs btwn peritoneum and Psoas m.

43
Q

Genital branch

A

Enters inguinal canal thorugh deep inguinal ring and exits through superficial ring
Innervate so cremaster muscle or cutaneous to labium majus

44
Q

Femoral branch(s)

A

Exits inferior to inguinal ligament

Cutaneous to femoral triangle area

45
Q

Describe umbilical hernias in infants

A

Involves the umbilicus
Scar of umbilicus did not heal completely
Usually small and wider transversely
Usually heals spontaneously

46
Q

Describe umbilical hernias in adults

A

Results from weakened abdominal wall around umbilicus
Usually superior to umbilical scar
More common in women
Requires surgical repair

47
Q

What is an epigastric hernia?

A

Hernia of the Linea Alba that does not involve the umbilicus
Protrudes through Linea Alba
Usually superior to umbilicus
More common in men
Repaired surgically if large or symptomatic

48
Q

Where does the inguinal canal ‘start’?

A

At the deep inguinal ring about midpoint of the inguinal ligament

49
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

An evagination of transversalis fascia

50
Q

What do the testes develop from?

A

Develop retroperitoneally from the urogenital ridge of mesoderm in the upper lumbar/lower thoracic region.

51
Q

What are testes attached to that guides the migration?

A

Gubernaculum - attached Inferiorly to labial-scrotal fold

52
Q

In the male, what develops and pushes into labial-scrotal swelling?

A

Processes vaginalis

53
Q

When the testes reach to scrotum, where should the slide into?

A

Posterior to the processus vaginalis (which should close)

54
Q

What does the processus vaginalis become?

A

Tunica vaginalis

55
Q

What is cryptochidism?

A

Undescended testes that can be bilateral or unilateral

Often associated with prematurity

56
Q

What are hydroceles?

A

Fluid in the tunica vaginalis

57
Q

What is hematocele?

A

Blood in the tunica vaginalis

58
Q

Describe what layers of the anterior abdominal wall becomes to layers of the scrotum, and coverings of the testis and spermatic cord

A 
Skin = skin
Subcutaneous tissue (campers/Scarpa's) = Dartos muscle/fascia
External oblique muscle/fascia = external spermatic fascia
Internal oblique m = cremaster muscle
Internal oblique fascia = cremaster if fascia
Transversalis fascia = internal spermatic fascia
Peritoneum = tunica vaginalis
59
Q

What layer of the anterior abdominal wall does NOT contribute to the layers and converting a of the scrotum, testis, and spermatic cord?

A

Transversus abdominus muscle

60
Q

Primitive ovaries are attached to a gubernaculum which is attached to what?

A

Labioscrotal fold

61
Q

What does the gubernaculum form in the female?

A

Round ligaments of the ovary and round ligaments of the uterus

62
Q

What are the inguinal canal contents of the female?

A

Round ligament of the uterus, ilioinguinal n., genital branch of genitofemoral n.

63
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal of males?

A

Ductus deferens, ilioinguinal n., genital branch of genitofemoral n. , testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of veins all surrounded by fascial layers

64
Q

What holds the testes in the scrotum?

A

Gubernaculum

65
Q

What are the testis and epididymis partially covered by?

A

Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layer)

66
Q

What carries sperm from testes to head of epididymis?

A

Efferent ductules

67
Q

What is continuous with tail of epididymis?

A

Ductus deferens

68
Q

What is the connective tissue capsule of the testis called?

A

Tunica albuginea

69
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

A hernia that exits the abdomen through the femoral cnal, inferior to the inguinal ligament
More common in female

70
Q

Inguinal hernias are differentiated by their location relative to what?

A

inferior epigastric vessels

71
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Medial to the inferior epigastric a.
pushes ‘directly’ through the anterior abdominal wall (hesselbach’s triangle) usually due to weak conjoint tendon
more often bilateral
more common in older males

72
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

lateral to inferior epigastric a.
goes through inguinal ring through canal and exits superficial inguinal ring
common in young males
(often due to incomplete closure of processus vaginalis)

73
Q

Are direct or indirect inguinal hernias most common?

A

indirect

74
Q

What is a supracristal plane?

A

Highest points of iliac crests; spinous process of L4

75
Q

Superficial lymphatics above the umbilicus drain to ______

A

Axillary and sternal lymph nodes

76
Q

Superficial lymphatics below the umbilicus drain to ______

A

Superficial inguinal nodes
(Arranged in a “T” located just inferior to inguinal ligament. they receive drainage from lower abdomen, perineum and genitalia and lower limb

77
Q

What is a spigelian hernia?

A

Hernia at the semilunar line of the anterior rectus sheath

GI - MSI Spring (11 decks)

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