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GI - MSI Spring > Organs of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Organs of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

When the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens

Abdominal esophagus and parts of the stomach herniates into thorax

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2
Q

What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A

A defect in the diaphragm next to the esophageal hiatus

Permits fundus of stomach to herniate (not usually the esophagus)

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3
Q

What regions is the stomach found?

A

Left hypochondraic and epigastric regions

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4
Q

Where are the ends of the stomach fixed?

A

Left end - T10-11

Right end - L1-2

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5
Q

Where is the duodenum approximately located? How long is it?

A

At the L1 to L4 vertebral bodies

Ten inches

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6
Q

The duodenum is (retroperitoneal/intraperitoneal). What are the exceptions?

A

Retroperitoneal
Exceptions are where the transverse mesocolon crosses the 2nd part.
1st part is surrounded by hepatoduodenal ligament
Root of mesentery begins at duodenojejunal flexure

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7
Q

What is the first part of the duodenum held in place by?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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8
Q

Where does the bile and pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum?

A

2nd part of duodenum at major duodenal papilla

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9
Q

What part of the duodenum does the superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery cross?

A

anterior surface of the 3rd part of the duodenum

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10
Q

What is surrounds the 2nd part of the duodenum.

A

Posterior: Right kidney and ureter
Anterior: Fundus of gall bladder, right lobe of liver, transverse colon and small intestine
Anterolateral: ascending colon, colic flexure, and right lobe of liver
Medial: head of pancreas, common bile duct, pancreatic duct

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11
Q

What are posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum? what is anterior?

A

Posterior: Left margin of aorta and medial border of psoas muscle
Anterior: the root of THE mesentery and jejunum

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12
Q

What is the 4th part of the duodenum helpd in place by?

A

Suspensory ligament of the duodenum of treitz

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13
Q

Describe the jejunum physical characteristics compared to ileum

A

8 - 10 feet long
Jejunum is 2/5 of free small intestine
simple vascular arcades, long vasa recta, more vascular (more red in living state)
greater diameter, thicker, more plicae circularis (more feathery in xray)

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14
Q

Describe the ileum physical characteristics compared to jejunum

A 
10-12 feet
3/5 of small free intestines
compound vascular arcades
shorter vasa recta
less vascular
smaller diameter
thinner wall
fewer plicae circularis 
diverticulum ilei may be present
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15
Q

What is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine?

A

Meckel’s ileal diverticulum

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16
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A 
A possible feature of the ileum
Arise from antimesenteric border 
2% of population
2 feet from Ileo-cecal junction
2 inch
present at 2 years of life
2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic)
remnant of vitelline duct
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17
Q

What are taenia coli?

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon

Converge at the root of the appendix

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18
Q

What do taenia coli produce?

A

haustrae that slow the movement of feces

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19
Q

What are the tags of fat on the large intestines called?

A

epiploic appendages

20
Q

What part of the large intestines does not have epiploic appendages?

A

cecum

21
Q

What line joins the tops of the anal columns?

A

anorectal line

22
Q

What is the dilated terminal part of the rectum ?

A

rectal ampulla

23
Q

What line joins the inferior ends of the anal valves?

A

pectinate line/dentate line

24
Q

What does the spleen develop in?

A

dorsal mesentery from mesoderm

25
Q

What impressions are on the visceral surface of the spleen?

A

Colic, gastric, and renal

26
Q

Some of the tail of the pancreas is located in what ligament?

A

splenorenal ligament

27
Q

What does the pancreas develop from?

A

a ventral bud in the ventral mesentery and a larger dorsal bud in the dorsal mesentery

28
Q

What brings the pancreas buds together?

A

Rotation of the stomach

29
Q

The major pancreatic duct joings the bile duct and enter the 2nd part of the duodenum together through what?

A

common hepatopancreatic ampulla which formst he major duodenal papilla

30
Q

What are the 3 muscularis layers found in the stomach?

A

Circular
longitudinal
oblique

31
Q

What is a duodenal bulb?

A

widened area of the 1st part of duodenum

1st inch = free part = duodenal bulb

32
Q

The inside layer of the 1st part of the duodenum has _____

A

rugae (similar to pylorus of stomach)

33
Q

The inside layer of the 2nd and 4th parts of duodenum has ______

A

circular folds (plicae) , villi (mucosal projections that cover duodenal lining)

34
Q

How long is the 1st part of duodenum and what surrounds it?

A

2 ‘’ long
Anterior: quadrate lobe of liver and gallbladder
Posterior: Bile duct, portal vein, head of pancreas, and gastroduodenal a
Superior: Epiploic foramen
Inferior: head of pancreas

35
Q

What surrounds the 3rd part of the duodenum?

A

Anterior: Superior mesenteric a and v, root of THE mesentery, jejunum
Posterior: right ureter, right gonadal a and v, IVC, aorta, psoas m
Superior: head of pancreas
Inferior: jejunum

36
Q

What does THE mesentery cross?

A 
L1-2
3rd part of duodenum 
aorta
IVC
right ureter
Right gonadal vessels
Right psoas major
ends at right SI joint
37
Q

Which taenia coli is most prominent?

A

anterior

38
Q

True or false? mesoappendix is a true mesentery

A

False

39
Q

If appendix is inflamed, where is the pain felt?

If the peritoneum adjacent to appendix is inflamed, where is the pain felt?

A

Epigastric region

McBurney’s point

40
Q

What ligament may be attaching left flexure to diaphragm?

A

phrenicocolic ligament

41
Q

What is the area on the colon called where the lowest sigmoid a has poor anastomoses withsuperior rectal a?

A

‘critical point’ of Sudeck

42
Q

What forms the anorectal flexure?

A

the puborectalis muscle that is voluntary and allows for control of defecation, it is part of the levator ani muscles that forms a sling at the anorectal junction

43
Q

What are internal hemorrhoids?

A

internal rectal vv enlarge and prolapse into anal canal and often strangulate

44
Q

What are external hemorrhoids?

A

clotted blood in external rectal vv. Usually cused by increased abdominal pressure or straining

45
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

transverse fissure between cuadate and quadrate lobes

46
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum ?

A

The old ductus venosus

Used to connect the umbilical vein with IVC

GI - MSI Spring (11 decks)

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