Anterior Abdominal Wall- Exam III Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
What is the name of the abdominal wall layer that is most external
A
skin
2
Q
The two layers that comprise the skin:
A
epidermis and dermis
3
Q
Fascia layers that are anterior abdominal wall and do not extend beyond it
A
camper’s fascia & scarpa’s fascia
4
Q
Fatty layer of loose connective tissue with cutaneous nerves, lymphatics and vessels running through it; where subcutaneous fat is stored
A
Camper’s Fascia
5
Q
If you gain or lose weight short term the abdominal wall layer that responds to this is:
A
Camper’s Fascia
6
Q
Fatty Superficial Fascial Layer:
A
Camper’s Fascia
7
Q
Membraneous layer of superficial fascia in the anterior abdominal wall
A
Scarpa’s Fascia
8
Q
Scarpa’s fascia is extremely ____ and gets pierced by lymphatics, vessels and nerves
A
thin
9
Q
In abdominal wall layers, the skeletal muscle is organized into:
A
3 layers
10
Q
What are the names of the layer of skeletal muscle in the abdominal wall
A
External, internal & innermost
11
Q
The skeletal muscle layers of the anterior abdominal wall are described as:
A
broad, flat sheets
12
Q
Connective tissue layer about the thickness of a sheet of paper that lines the entire abdominal cavity just below the skeletal muscle
A
Transversalis fascia
13
Q
Fat located between the tissue layers of the anterior abdominal wall that does not respond to short term weightloss/gain and is about a fraction of an inch thick
A
extraperitoneal fat
14
Q
Between camper’s fascia and exztraperitoneal fat, what responds most to weightloss or gain?
A
Camper’s fascia
15
Q
Deepest layer that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It is a thin slippery secreting membrane
A
parietal peritoneum
16
Q
The parietal peritoneum is there to form a ____ layer for organs to move over in a ____ environment
A
lubricated; frictionless
17
Q
A
- Skin
- Camper’s fascia
- Scarpa’s Fascia
- 3 muscular layers (external, internal, & innermost)
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Parietal peritoneum
- Abdominal organs
18
Q
All of the antihero abdominal wall layers are considered:
A
body wall layers
19
Q
Parietal peritoneum is extremely:
A
pain sensitive
20
Q
The abdominal organs are in contact with _____ and located in a space called ____.
A
parietal peritoneum ; peritoneal cavity
21
Q
A
- Linea alba
- Skin
- Camper’s fascia
- Scarpa’s fascia
- Parietal peritoneum
- Extraperitoneal fascia
- Transversalis fascia
- Transversus abdominis muscle
- Internal oblique muscle
- External oblique muscle
22
Q
Tendonous ribbon connective tissue structure running from the xyphoid process down to the pubic symphysis; a site of insertion for many anterior abdominal wall muscles
A
Linea Alba
23
Q
An additional abdominal muscle muscle that doesn’t belong to any of the 3 basic layers that we only see in the abdomen; considered the 4th muscle of the abdomen:
A
Rectus abdominis
24
Q
Fibers or the rectus abdominis are oriented _____ and run ___ to ___.
A
vertically; inferior to superior
25
Describe width of rectus abdominis
3x wider at top than bottom
26
Rectus Abdominis origin:
pubis
27
Rectus abdominis insertion: (2)
costal cartilages & xiphoid process
28
How does the rectus abdominis function?
flexes abdomen forward (xiphoid process and costal cartilages pulled down toward pubic symphysis)
29
What is the most important muscle for abdominal flexion?
rectus abdominis
30
On the anterior surface of the rectus abdominis we will see a tendinous insertion of the muscle onto the :
overlying connective tissue
31
The overlying connective tissue envelope of the rectus abdominis that contains the muscle inside of it:
rectus sheath
32
Due to lack of solid structures around the rectus abdominis, it will get some extra mechanical advantage in the form of:
4 tendinous insertions
33
The 4 tendinous insertions of the rectus abdominis connect it to:
overlying connective tissue
34
There is a spatial relationship between the costal margin and the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis that allows us to easily locate:
gallbladder
35
The fibers of the external abdominal oblique run:
downward and inward (hands in pockets)
36
The external abdominal oblique contains a giant flat tendon that is a connective tissue sheath that goes all the way to the midline:
aponeurosis
37
Does the external abdominal oblique muscle itself make it to the midline?
No
38
External abdominal oblique origin:
laterally on rib cage
39
External abdominal oblique insertion of lower fibers:
anterior superior iliac spine
40
In the front of the external abdominal oblique is where the right side and left side muscles attach to each other knitting together to form:
linea alba
41
Describe the lower margin of the external abdominal oblique:
free thickened lower margin
42
Thickened, lower margin of external abdominal oblique:
inguinal ligament
43
Where does inguinal ligament span:
anterior superior iliac spine down to pubis
44
The internal abdominal oblique is in the same plane as:
internal intercostals above
45
The fibers of the internal abdominal oblique are not parallel because the muscle is:
fan-shaped
46
Internal abdominal oblique small restricted origin:
anterior superior iliac spine
47
The lower fibers of the internal abdominal oblique originate from the deep surface of the:
inguinal ligament
48
The internal abdominal oblique contains a _____ as it moves toward the midline
aponeurosis
49
The left and right aponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique will knit together int eh midline and their attachment wills trench the whole lines alba from the _____ to _____.
xyphoid process to pubic symphysis
50
The innermost muscle of the anterior abdominal wall:
transversus abdominis muscle
51
The transversus abdominis muscle gets its name from the fact that many of its fibers are:
horizontal
52
The origin of the transversus abdominis muscle is posterior on the:
thoracolumbar fascia
53
Additional fibers of the transversus abdominis muscle have an origin that will come from the: (3)
iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, and inguinal ligament
54
In the transverses abdominis muscle, going toward the midline we will see:
an aponeurosis
55
The left and right muscles of the transversus abdominis will meet at the ____ and stretch form the ___ to ____.
linea alba; xiphoid process to pubis
56
Describe the lower margin of the transversus abdominis:
high arching lower border
57
What lines the abdominal wall in all places where there is overlying abdominal muscle?
Trasnversalis fascia
58
The bottom free lower margin of the transversals fascia will correspond with the:
overlying inguinal ligament
59
The external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominus, trasnversus abdominis and transversales fascia all stop at:
inguinal ligament
60
A gap forms below the:
inguinal ligament
61
What is not present in the gap below the inguinal ligament?
anterior abdominal wall
62
The purpose of the gap below the inguinal ligament with no abdominal wall is for:
Ileopsoas, large vessels, & parts of lumbar plexus to pass through to escape body cavity and reach lower limb
63
The aponeurosis for each of there muscular layers, fuse together at the:
linea alba
64
The aponeurosis for the 3 muscle layers that are coming around to the front form a connective tissue envelope that contains:
the rectus abdominis muscle
65
The connective tissue envelope containing the rectus abdominis muscle
rectus sheath
66
Describe the relationship between aponeurosis and rectus abdominis in a general sense:
Top 3/4 different from bottom 1/4
67
in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis runs ____ to the rectus abdominis muscle
superficial
68
in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis runs ____ to the rectus abdominis muscle
1/2 superficial and 1/2 deep
69
The _____ and ______ aponeurosis combine to form a 1.5 thick layer that runs superficial of the rectus abdominis
EAO & IAO (top1/2)
70
in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the transversus abdominis' aponeurosis runs ____ to the rectus abdominis muscle
Deep
71
The ____ and _____ aponeurosis' combine to forma. 1.5 layer thick layer that runs deep to the rectus abdominis
IAO (bottom 1/2) & transversus abdominis muscle
72
In lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath, all aponeurosis go _____ to the rectus abdominis.
superficial
73
What does NOT participate in the rectus sheath and is always deep to everything
transversalis fascia
74
The lower margin boundary where the deep half of the rectus abdominis stops; below this boundary we see the transversalis fascia & exztraperitoneal fat
arcuate line
75
Motor nerve that supplies intercostal muscles:
intercostal nerves
76
Describe the path of the lower intercostal nerves:
they extend out of the intercostal spaces and into the anterior abdominal wall
77
Responsible for most of the motor and sensory innervation for the overlying skin of the anterior abdominal wall:
intercostal nerves
78
All ventral rami from ____ to _____ will be ____ supply for the anterior abdominal wall skin.
T7-L1 ; sensory
79
Sensory innervation of the skin over the anterior abdominal wall is provided by:
ventral rami
80
Sensory innervation of the skin over the anterior abdominal wall is provided by ventral rami of the: (3)
lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-11), Subcostal nerve (T12) & iliohypogastric/ileoinguinal nerves (L1)
81
The lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-11), the subcostal nerve (T12) & the iliohypogastric/ileoinguinal nerves (L1) provide what type of innervation to the anterior abdominal wall and to what structures>?
somatic sensory innervation to skin over abdominal wall and somatic motor to anterior abdominal wall muscles
82
Arteries in the rectus sheath run ____ to the muscle
deep
83
Epigastric artery that comes down form the rectus abdominis from above and tends to be smaller
superior epigastric artery
84
Epigastric artery that comes up to the rectus abdominis from below and tends to be larger
inferior epigastric artery
85
Where do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose?
on deep surface of rectus abdominis
86
The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the the:
internal thoracic artery
87
The inferior epigastric artery comes from a vessel called the:
external iliac artery
88
There is an additional anastomoses between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries and:
intercostal arteries
89
For lymphatic drainage we draw an arbitrary line horizontally through the:
umbilicus
90
Lymph from skin above the umbilicus (including the back and upper limb) drains into:
axillary nodes
91
Lymph from the skin below the umbilicus (including the back, relics, perineum, and lower limb), drains into:
superficial inguinal nodes
92
The axially nodes are located:
in armpits
93
The inguinal nodes are located:
underneath inguinal ligament and above and in front of hip joint
94
The anterior abdominal wall muscles function based on if they are used:
unilaterally or bilaterally
95
Flexion of the trunk (bending it forward) occurs when the anterior abdominal muscles are used:
Bilaterally
96
Lateral flexion occurs when the anterior abdominal wall muscles are used:
unilaterally
97
When lateral flexion occurs, we will flex toward the side that is:
actively contracting
98
Rotation or a twisting motion occurs when the anterior abdominal wall muscles are used:
unilaterally
99
When twisting or rotation trunk will go toward the side in which the muscles are:
active
100
Less obvious functions of anterior abdominal wall muscles are related to:
changes in intraabdominal pressure
101
Forceful expiration and coughing and sneezing are due to changes in intraabdomninal pressure that force the viscera toward the:
diaphragm
102
Urination & defecation as well as a woman bearing down during labor function due to changes in intraabdomninal pressure that force the viscera:
downward toward pelvis
103
Stabilization of the trunk due to strenuous physical effort that is accomplished by drawing air into lungs, closing epiglottis, and stiffening the trunk to make it more rigid is called:
Valsalva's maneuver
