Joints of upper limb: shoulder & elbow- Exam IV Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
What are the 2 types of joints in the body?
A
solid & synovial
2
Q
What are the mobile and moveable joints of the body?
A
synovial joints
3
Q
What are the 2 categories of solid joints?
A
fibrous and cartilage
4
Q
What are the 3 types of solid fibrous joints?
A
- sutures
- syndesmoses
- gomphoses
5
Q
Joint between the root of tooth, periodontal ligament & alveolar bone of mandible- what is the name of this joint and what type of joint is it?
A
gomphoses; solid fibrous joint
6
Q
Describe the makeup of synovial joints:
A
fibrous & cartilagenous
7
Q
Synovial joints contain a joint capsule with:
A
- inner synovial membrane
- outer fibrous capsule
8
Q
Some synovial joints have ___ that cover the articular ends of the bones
A
hyaline cartilage
9
Q
2 examples of synovial joints that contain an articular disc:
A
- knees
- temporomandibular joint
10
Q
Due to the mobility of synovial joints, what is present to mitigate friction?
A
synovial fluid
11
Q
Where 2 long bones articulate we have a covering of:
A
articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
12
Q
The articular capsule is made of:
A
fibrous capsule & synovial membrane
13
Q
What is found inside the synovial membrane?
A
synovial fluid
14
Q
What is responsible for reinforcing most joints of the body?
A
tendons & ligaments
15
Q
Ligaments connect:
Tendons connect:
A
ligaments- bone to bone
tendons- muscle to bone
16
Q
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?
A
- Synarthrosis
- Amphiarthrosis
- Diarthrosis
17
Q
Joints with NO movement:
A
synarthrosis
18
Q
Joints with little movement:
A
amphiarthrosis
19
Q
Joints with a lot of movement:
A
diarthrosis
20
Q
What type of joints are most synovial joints classified as functionally?
A
diarthrosis
21
Q
List the possible movements of synovial joints:
A
nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial
22
Q
Synovial joints only able to slide/glide along eachother with no specific axes of movement:
A
nonaxial
23
Q
What joints are typically characterized by an irregular flattened articular surface?
A
nonaxial synovial joints
24
Q
Synovial joint described as a hinge with a single axis of movement:
A
uniaxial
25
The articulation between the ulna & humerus forms what type of joint?
uniaxial elbow joint
26
Joint with 2 axes of movement; describe that movement:
Biaxial; flex/extend and abduct/adduct
27
Synovial joint with greater than 2 axes of movement:
multiaxial
28
The acromioclavicular joint involves the articulation between:
The structural type of this joint is:
The functional type of this joint is (movements allowed):
acromion process of scapula and clavicle
Synovial/plane
Diarthrotic- gliding and rotation of scapular on clavicle
29
The glenohumeral joint is known as:
Shoulder joint
30
The glenohumeral joint involves articulation between:
The structural type of this joint is:
The functional type of this joint is (movements allowed):
Scapular and humerus
Synovial- ball & socket
Diarthrotic- multiaxial- flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumductino, rotation of humerus/arm
31
The elbow joint involves articulation between:
The structural type of this joint is:
The functional type of this joint is (movements allowed):
Ulna (and radius) with humerus
Synovial- hinge
Diarthrotic- uniaxial, flexion, extension of forearm
32
The proximal radioulnar joint involves articulation between:
The structural type of joint is:
The functional type of joint is (movements allowed):
Radius and ulna
Synovial- pivot
Diarthrotic- uniaxial, rotation of radius around long axis of the forearm to allow pronation and supination
33
The distal radioulnar joint involves the articulation between:
Structural type of joint:
The functional type of joint is (movements allowed):
Radius and ulna
Synovial-pivot (contains articular disc)
Diarthrotic- uniaxial- rotation (convex head of ulna rotates in ulnar notch of radius)
34
The sternoclavicular joint involves the articulation between:
Structural type of joint:
Functional type of joint (movements allowed):
manubrium of sternum and clavicle
Synovial- shallow saddle with articular disc
Diarthrotic-multiaxial
35
What is the only bony articulation of the upperlimb with the thorax?
Sternoclavicular joint
36
What do the radioulnar (proximal and distal) joints accomplish?
pronation and supination of the forearm
37
What is the only bone to articulate with the wrist?
radius
38
The upper limb is built for _____ , while the lower limb is built for _____.
mobility; locomotion
39
Responsible for hanging the shoulder and upper limb off the body (reinforced by ligaments and musculature)
clavicle
40
The pectoral girdle is the:
shoulder girdle
41
The pectoral girdles is made of:
scapula and clavicle only
42
What is not part of the pectoral girdle but articulates with it:
humerus
43
The clavicle + scapula+ humerus make up the:
shoulder complex
44
What are the 2 joints of the upper limb?
sternoclavicular joint & acromioclavicular joint
45
The acromioclavicular end of the clavicle is the ____ end of the clavicle
lateral
46
What is responsible for reinforing clavicle and acromion attachment:
acromioclavicular ligament
47
What attaches one part of the scapular to another part of the scapula forming a roof over the glenoid region?
coricoacromial lgament
48
What reinforce and keep the clavicle from popping up off its articulation with the scapula?
coricoclavicular ligaments
49
The subacrombial space is roofed over by:
coricoacromial ligament
50
The glenohumeral joint involves articulation between:
head of humerus with glenoid of scapula
51
What is the glenoid of the scapula?
articulating surface of the scapula
52
The scapula sits in a bunch of:
muscle and fascia
53
The scapula articulates with _____; and then the ____ articulates with the sternum:
clavicle; clavicle
54
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
synovial joint
55
The sternoclavicular joint is described as:
double/shallow saddle
56
Describe the synovial cavity of the sternoclavicular joint:
2 separate synovial cavities
57
What ligament connects the clavicle to the 1st rib?
costoclavicular ligament
58
What ligament goes in between the 2 heads of the clavicles?
interclavicular ligament
59
Ligament going from the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum:
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligametns
60
What is only "true" bony articulation between the upper limb and the thorax?
sternoclavicular joint
61
Because the sternoclavicular joint is a multiaxial joint. what movements does it produce?
1. elevation and depression of clavicle and disc
2. Protraction and retraction of clavicle and sternum
3. rotation of both clavicle and sternum
62
The dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is typically caused by:
traumatic event with a lot of force
63
Describe the prevalence of a sternoclavicular joint dislocation:
Rare
64
Most sternoclavicular dislocations are the result of:
fractures of the epiphyseal plate at the sternal end of the clavicle in individuals less than 25 years old
65
What is more common, a clavicle fracture or a sternoclavicular dislocation?
clavicle fracture
66
Ankylosis of the sternoclavicular joint is characterized by:
stiffening, fixation, of fusion of the SC joint
67
Anklyosis of the sternoclavicular joint can be caused by what 2 conditions?
1. arthritic conditions
2. SAPHO syndrome
68
An inflammatory condition that may include synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperstosis & osteitis:
SAPHO syndrome
69
What is the elbow bone?
olecranon
70
Torn, ruptured or strained coracoclavicular ligaments result in:
shoulder separation
71
A shoulder separation results in the separation of the:
clavicle from the scapular complex
72
What is the joint between the end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula:
acromioclavicular joint
73
Coracoclavicular ligaments are responsible for:
holding the clavicle down to the scapula
74
What are the 2 coracoclavicular ligaments?
Trapezoid and conoid
75
The acromioclavicular ligament binds to the:
acromioclavicular joint
76
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane
77
What are the supporting or accessory ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?
coracoclavicular ligaments
78
What are the 2 parts of the acromioclavicular ligaments?
superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments
79
Of the coracoclavicular ligaments, which is more lateral and which is more medial?
medial = conoid
lateral= trapezoid
80
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is synonymous with:
Separated shoulder
81
Landing hard on the elbow can cause what type of shoulder injury?
shoulder separation
82
A grade 1 separate shoulder is characterized by:
acromioclavicular ligament sprain
83
A grade 2 separated shoulder is characterized by:
acromioclavicular ligament tear
84
A grade 3 separated shoulder is characterized by:
both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament tears
85
The physical indications of shoulder separation include:
redness, edema, & lump over the superior aspect of shoulder
86
Describe the glenohumeral joint:
shallow ball & socket joint
87
The synovial capsule that surrounds the glenohumeral joint is:
fibrous, weak, & mobile
88
The synovial capsule is reinforced by:
the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles
89
The synovial capsule is pierced by:
long tendon of biceps brachii
90
The long tendon of biceps brachii pierces the synovial capsule and attaches to:
supragleoid tubercle of scapula & glenoid labrum
91
Series of 4 muscle surrounding the scapula and hugging the head of the humerus:
rotator cuff muscles
92
List everything that surrounds the glenohumeral joint: (5)
synovial cavity, fibrous capusle, glenohumeral ligaments, coracohumeral ligaments, and then the tendons of the muscles
93
The glenoid is small and shallow but expanded by:
glenoid labrum
94
What ligaments reinforce and surround the glenohumeral joint:
capsular ligaments
95
Where is the location of the capsular ligaments?
around the glenohumeral joint
96
What ligaments comprise the capsular ligaments?
glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments
97
What are the 3 glenohumeral ligametns?
superior, middle, and inferior
98
Ligament that attaches to the neck of the coracoid process:
coracohumeral ligament
99
Pillows of synovial fluid between muscle and joint capsule and/or bone and joint capsule:
bursa
100
Inflammation of the bursa:
bursitis
101
List the bursa of the glenohumeral joint: (4)
1. subscapular
2. subacromial
3. subcoracoid
4. synovial sheath
102
Bursa deep to the acromion that protects the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles as they slide underneath the acromion:
subacromial burse
103
The subacromial bursa tend to be continuous with:
subdeltoid bursa
104
Sleeve of bursa around the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle:
synovial sheath
105
What does the head of the humerus articulate with?
glenoid fossa
106
What muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor
107
Which rotator cuff muscle is on the anterior aspect of the scapula?
subscapular
108
Comes off the spine of the scapula posteriorly and sits on the lateral posterior aspect of the shoulder:
acromion process
109
What tendons and muscles strengthen the glenohumeral joint?
rotator cuff muscles
110
The coracoid process points ___ while the acromion process sits on the ___ aspect of the shoulder:
anteriorly; lateral posteriorly
111
Indentation of the glenoid of the scapula:
glenoid fossa
112
Injuries to the rotator cuff muscles can have effect on:
stability of hte glenohumeral joint
113
The glenohumeral joint can be describe as:
freely mobile yet relatively unstable
114
Is it common for a glenohumeral joint to become dislocated?
yes
115
Which is more common, an anterior or posterior glenohumeral joint dislocation?
anterior
116
Describe an anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation:
head of humerus becomes dislodged and is dipsositioned inferiorly and pushed anteriorly
117
Anterior dislocations of the glenohumeral joint most commonly occur in ____ and especially in ___.
young adults; athletes
118
Anterior shoulder dislocation of the glenohumeral joint can cause damage to the:
axillary nerve
119
The axillary nerve is responsible for what upper limb muscles?
deltoid and teres minor
120
Describe the location of the axillary nerve in regard to the upper limb:
wraps around anatomical neck of the humerus
121
The sensory supply of the axillary nerve goes to:
posterior aspect of shoulder (shoulder joint and the skin covering)
122
The term "frozen shoulder" is synonymous with:
adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint
123
Chronic inflammation in the glenohumeral joint can lead to fibrosis between the:
joint capsule; rotator cuff muscles; and synovial bursa
124
Frozen shoulders are most commonly seen in:
40-60 year olds, more often men
125
What motion is affected with a frozen shoulder:
abduction
126
Why might rotator cuff muscle be damaged in a pt with a frozen shoulder?
because of compensatory scapular movements
127
What joint might be strained in a frozen shoulder?
acromioclavicular joint
128
What conditions may initiate a frozen shoulder? (4)
glenohumeral disclocation, supraspinatus tendonitis, bicipital tendinitis, and or rotator cuff tears
129
What are the 2 significant bony prominences on the head of the humerus involved with the elbow joint?
trochlea & capitulum
130
What are the 3 bones invovled in the elbow joint?
distal end of humerus and proximal ends of radius and ulna
131
The elbow joint (cubital) is where ____ meets ____.
brachium meets the antebrachium
132
When we think of the true elbow joint, we are talking about:
humeroulnar joint
133
The elbow joint consists of what 3 articulations?
humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar
134
The axis of the movement for flexion and extension of the forearm occur at:
The elbow: between the ulna and humerus
135
Extension of the forearm is accomplished by:
triceps (posterior)
136
What type of movement occurs with the proximal readioulnar articulation and when does this occur?
gliding and rotation during pronation and supination
137
Flexion of the forearm is accomplished by:
biceps brachialis an d and brachialis (anterior muscles)
138
The radius is ____ and associated with ____ side; while the ulna is ___ & is associated with the ___ side
radius: lateral: thumbside
Ulna: medial: pinky side
139
Ligament that runs from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the annular ligament on the radius and also has some attachments to the ulna:
radial collateral ligament
140
Ligament that attaches from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna
Ulnar collateral ligament
141
Ligament that attaches from the lateral aspect of the ulna to the medial aspect of the ulna and wraps around the circumference of the radial head:
annular ligament
142
What functions to allow the radial head to spinal during pronation and supination:
annular ligament
143
Characterized by the radial head slipping out of the annular ligament- not fully dislocated but out of position
subluxation of radial head
144
What is the difference between a subluxation and dislocation?
subluxation- pulled out of ligament but still in line with joint
dislocation- pulled out of ligament and out of line with the joint
145
Nursemaid's elbow:
subluxation of radial head
146
What is tennis elbow?
lateral epicondylitis
147
When tendons of the forearm become inflamed or torn at their lateral epicondyle attachment:
lateral epicondylitis
148
Lateral epicondylitis is an injury typically caused by:
repetitive motion
149
What tendon in particular becomes inflamed in lateral epicondylitis:
extensor carpi radialis brevis
150
What is a FOOSH injury?
Falling On Out Stretched Hand
151
Describe a colles fracture:
complete transverse fracture of the distal 2cm of radius
152
In a colles fracture, the distal end of the radius is displaced:
dorsally
153
A colles fracture can result from:
falling on an out stretched hand
154
A colles fracture may also be referred to as:
a dinner fork deformity
155
What are the names of the wrist bones and how many of them are there?
carpals-8
156
What are the names of the hand bones (palm) and how many are there?
metacarpals-5
157
What is the name of the finger bones and how many are there?
phalanges- 14
158
Each digit has ___ segments while the thumb has ____ segments
3 & 2
