Anterior Chest Wall

Question 1

what is the jugular notch? what originates there and where does it go?

Answer 1

it is where the clavicle begins
acromion process of the scapula

Question 2

at what level is the male nipple at?

Answer 2

4th Intercostal Space

Question 3

what innervates the nipple?

Answer 3

T4 spinal intercostal nerve

Question 4

what is the cephalic vein? where does it lie in the chest cavity and where does it end?

Answer 4

superficial vein that extends the length of the upper limb
deltopectoral triangle
terminates

Question 5

where does the cephalic vein lie in the chest cavity and where does it end?

Answer 5

deltopectoral triangle
pierces clavipectoral fascia to terminate in the axillary vein

Question 6

what are the three parts of the sternum?

Answer 6

upper manubrium
middle body
lower xyphoid process

Question 7

what is at the superior end of the manubrium?

Answer 7

suprasternal notch

Question 8

what is the breast made of?

Answer 8

glandular lobules

Question 9

what is a lactiferous duct / what do they contain? how many of them are there?

Answer 9

duct for collection of milk made in the lactiferous sinuses
15-22

Question 10

what are cooper’s ligaments?

Answer 10

strands of connective tissue that extend from pectoral fascia to the skin

Question 11

what joint is between the clavicle and sternum?

Answer 11

sternoclavicular joint

Question 12

what is the sternal angle?

Answer 12

joining of the manubrium and body of the sternum

Question 13

what makes the sternal angle important?

Answer 13

landmark that indicates attachment of 2nd rib. can be used to count ribs

Question 14

what level of the ribs is the body of the sternum at

Answer 14

Ribs 2-7

Question 15

what does the clavicle do? where is it normally fractured?

Answer 15

holds scapula away from the thorax
between the middle and lateral thirds

Question 16

what are the “true ribs”

Answer 16

ribs 1-7

Question 17

what attaches the ribs to the sternum?

Answer 17

costal cartilage

Question 18

what number ribs are “false”? how do they attach to the sternum?

Answer 18

8-10
attach to costal cartilage superior to them via rib 7

Question 19

what ribs are “floating”?

Answer 19

11-12

Question 20

what issue occurs in 2% of the population causing compression issues with the brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Answer 20

supernumerary ribs

Question 21

what does the intercostal space refer to?

Answer 21

area between adjacent ribs

Question 22

at what intercostal space does the apex of the heart lie at?

Answer 22

5th ICS
3” from the midline on the left

Question 23

what is a VAN? where is it located?

Answer 23

vein artery nerve bundle that runs along the inferior surface of the superior rib in the intercostal space

superior to inferior in the complex

Question 24

what is of clinical importance in regards to a VAN complex?

Answer 24

when assessing the chest cavity it is important to gain access via the superior edge of the inferior rib

Question 25

what is a breast?

Answer 25

modified sweat gland tissue in the superficial fascia

Question 26

where does the tail of spence run?

Answer 26

into the axilla

Question 27

what surrounds the nipple?

Answer 27

a pigmented areola

Question 28

what is occuring if there is a dimpling effect on the skin of the breast?

Answer 28

tension on the ligaments possibly caused by a tumor

Question 29

what is the vascular supply of the breast?

Answer 29

thoracic artery (lateral / internal branch)
intercostal arteries
pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk

Question 30

how would cancer spread through the breast?

Answer 30

lymphatic drainage ducts