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Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

how are the muscles of the back organized?

A

extrinsic and intrinsic

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the extrinsic muscles? Intermediate muscles?

A

extrinsic - movement of the upper extremity
intermediate - assist in breathing

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3
Q

what are the superficial extrinsic muscles?

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboideus minor / major
levator scapulae

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4
Q

what innervates the extrinsic muscles?

A

branches of the ventral rami

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5
Q

what are the origins of the trapezius?

A

superior nuchal line
spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

where does the trapezius insert?

A

acromion of scapula
anterior portion of clavicle
spine of the scapula

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7
Q

what action does the upper division of the trapezius allow for?

A

elevation of scapula
retraction of glenoid fossa superiorly
retraction of scapula
lateral flexion of head

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8
Q

what action does the middle division of the trapezius allow for?

A

retraction of scapula

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9
Q

what action does the lower division of the trapezius allow for?

A

depression of scapula
assists in rotation of scapula

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10
Q

what occurs when the upper and lower divisions of the trapezius are contracted?

A

rotation of scapula by elevating glenoid fossa
rotation allows for upper extremity to abduct and reach.

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11
Q

what nerve supplies the trapezius?

A

Cranial Nerve XI / spinal accessory nerve

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12
Q

what is the cranial nerve xi / accessory nerve?

A

joining of fibers from cranial nerve x and segments of C3,4

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13
Q

what is the arterial supply of the trapezius?

A

superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery

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14
Q

what is the test to see if there is innervation or muscle damage for the trapezius?

A

shrugging of shoulders against resistance

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15
Q

what does the trapezius’s name mean?

A

irregular

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15
Q

what does the latissimus dorsi’s name mean?

A

widest

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15
Q

where does the latissimus dorsi originate? where does it insert?

A

thoracolumbar fascia at TV6 to LV5 and iliac crest to the intertubercular groove of humerus

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15
Q

where does the latissimus dorsi extend to?

A

intertubercular groove of the humerus

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16
Q

what actions does the latissimus dorsi allow?

A

IR of humerus
adduction of humerus
extension of humerus

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17
Q

what nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve at C6,7,8

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18
Q

what artery supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal branch of axillary artery

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19
Q

what is the test for the latissimus dorsi?

A

pull up

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20
Q

where does the levator scapulae attach?

A

from transverse processes of CV1-4 to the medial border of the scapula

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21
Q

what nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

A

Cranial nerves 3&4 / dorsal scapular

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22
what artery supplies the levator scapulae?
transverse cervical artery
23
what action does the levator scapulae permit?
elevation of scapula
24
where does the rhomboid major attach?
from spinous process of TV2-TV5 to medial border of scapula inferior to spine
25
where does the rhomboid minor attach?
from spinous process of CV7-TV1 to the medial border of the scapula at level of spine
26
what nerve supplies the rhomboids?
dorsal scapular (C5) from brachial plexus
27
what artery supplies the rhomboids?
transverse cervical artery deep branch
28
what actions do the rhomboids permit?
retraction of scapula obliquely to depress the glenoid fossa
29
where does the serratus anterior attach?
from the medial border of scapula on the anterior surface and extend to ribs 1-8/9
30
what action does the serratus anterior allow for?
assists the trapezius in rotation of scapula. draws vertebral edge down obliquely, allowing for glenoid fossa to elevate
31
what is the function of the serratus anterior?
holds scapula tight to the ribcage
32
what nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
long thoracic nerve of cranial nerves 5,6,7 from the brachial plexus
33
what is the test for the serratus anterior? if damage to the nerve, what is the diagnosis?
one is to push against a wall. damage to the muscle or nerve will result in winging of the scapula
34
what information is provided by the ventral root? dorsal root?
ventral = motor dorsal = sensory
35
what type of information is provided by the ventral ramus? what muscles does it innervate?
sensory and motor info supply extrinsic muscles, body wall, and extremities via brachial plexus
36
what is the function of the dorsal ramus?
provide sensory and motor information to the intrinsic back muscles
37
what are the intermediate back muscles?
serratus posterior superior serratus posterior inferior
38
where does the serratus posterior superior attach?
spinous process of CV7-TV3 to ribs 2-4
39
what is the nerve supply for the serratus posterior superior/inferior?
intercostal nerve
40
what is the artery supply for the serratus posterior superior/inferior?
branches of the intercostal artery
41
what action does the serratus posterior superior aid in? the inferior?
superior - lifts rib cage during inhalation/inspiration inferior - depresses rib cage during exhalation
42
what nerve supplies the intrinsic back muscles?
43
what are the superficial intrinsic back muscles?
splenius capitis splenius cervicis
44
what is the attachment point for the splenius capitis and cervicis?
CV7-TV6 to transverse process of CV1-4
45
what nerve supplies the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
dorsal rami of cervical nerve
46
what action do the superficial intrinsic muscles of the back allow for?
unilateral = lateral flexion at same side bilateral = extension of neck
47
what is the name of the group of muscles that makes up the intermediate intrinsic muscles?
erector spinae
48
what muscles make up the erector spinae?
spinalis longissimus iliocostalis
49
the spinalis muscle has three parts. what are they?
thoracis, cervicis, capitis
50
spinous process of lumbar and inferior thoracic vertebrae to many levels superior.
51
where does the longissimus attach?
transverse process of an inferior level to transverse process several vertebral levels above.
52
what are the three regions of the iliocostalis?
lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
53
where does the iliocostalis attach?
iliac crest or transverse processof lumbar vertebrae to ribs several vertebral levels higher.
54
what nerve supplies the erector spinae?
dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerve
55
what actions do the erector spinae allow?
unilateral - lateral flexion bilateral - extension of vertebral column
56
what is the name of the grouping of deep intrinsic back muscles?
transverospinal muscles
57
what muscles make up the transverospinal muscles? superficial to deep
semispinalis multifidus rotatores
58
where do the semispinalis muscle fibers extend to?
extend several vertebral levels above below nuchal line (capitis) spinous process of cervical / throacic region (cervicis/thoracis)
59
where does the multifidus attach?
transverse process to spinous process about 4 vertebral levels superior
60
where do the rotatores muscles attach?
extend about 1 vertebral level superior to it
61
what are the actions allowed by the rotatores? what is different about this action?
rotatores allow for rotation. the transverse process is fixed, pulling the spinous process toward it. rotation will occur opposite of contraction. ex - contraction of right rotatores will rotate the spine to the left
62
what are the levels of the semispinalis?
capitis, cervicis, throacis
63
what are the multiple levels of the multifidus?
cervicis, throacis, lumborum
64
what are the levels of the rotatores?
cervicis, throacis, lumborum
65
what is the name of the nerve segment of that reaches through the superficial back muscles to the skin allowing for sensory information?
cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami
66
what merger forms the dermatome pattern in the body?
when cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami meet with cutaneous branches of the ventral rami.

Anatomy (19 decks)

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