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Anterior Leg FINAL Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Hip flexors

A

-pectineus - obturator artery too
-iliopsoas -iliolumbar artery
-rectus femoris
-sartorius
-femoral nerve

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2
Q

Adductors of hip

A

-adductor magnus
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-gracilis
-obturator externus
-obturator nerve
-profunda femoris / obturator artery
-scissor gait- one limb crosses in front of other during stepping due to over active obturator nerve

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3
Q

Sartorius

A

-flexes hip
-lateral rotates leg
-abducts hip
-flexes knee

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4
Q

fibula

A

-does not articulate with femur or bear any weight

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4
Q

knee extendors

A

-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
-femoral nerve and artery

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5
Q

femur

A

-inferomedially pointed- oblique -> COG
-women are more oblique
-angle of inclination largest while young and decreases with age
-male angle > female

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6
Q

hip bone

A

-ilium (largest and superior)
-ASIS and AIIS and PSIS and PIIS
-superior border of greater sciatic notch

-ischium - inferoposterior
-ischial rami
-inferior margin of greater sciatic notch
-ischial spine - lesser sciatic notch
-ischial tuberosity

-pubis- superoanterior
-pubic crest
-pubic tubercles- inguinal ligament attaches
-superior and inferior pubic rami

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7
Q

obturator foramen

A

-ischium and pubis rami bound
-obturator nerve and vessels pass through here

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8
Q

femur

A

-fovea- attachment site for ligamentum teres (head of femur)

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9
Q

tibia

A

-articulates with femur superiorly
-articulates with talus inferiorly

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10
Q

compartments of thigh

A

-anterior- femoral nerve
-medial- obturator nerve
-posterior- sciatic nerve
-septa from inner aspect of deep fascial sheath of thigh to linea aspera of femur

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11
Q

dermatomes of legs

A

-posterior- S3, S2, S1 (foot)
-anterior- L1, L2, L3, L4 (medial shin), L5 (lateral shin)
-genitals- S3, S4

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12
Q

femoral triangle

A

-superior- inguinal ligament
-medially- adductor longus
-laterally- sartorius
-femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymph
-sheath- transversalis and iliopsoas fascia -> NO femoral nerve
-femoral canal- deep inguinal lymph nodes (cloquet)
-femoral canal allows space for vein dilation and intraabdominal pressure causes stasis of vein
-great saphenous vein enters via saphenous ring
-deep femoral branches within the triangle

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13
Q

adductor canal

A

-intermuscular passage
-from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
-femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
-NOT FEMORAL NERVE
-between anterior and medial compartments
-roof- sartorius
-retract sartorius to see contents of canal

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14
Q

common femoral artery branches

A

-superficial circumflex iliac artery
-superficial epigastric artery
-superficial external pudendal artery

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15
Q

femoral artery and branches

A

-external iliac -> femoral
-profunda femoris artery -> medial circumflex femoral and lateral circumflex femoral (ascending, transverse, descending)
-descending genicular artery -> superior lateral/medial genicular artery and inferior lateral/medial genicular artery
-adductor longus separates profunda from femoral artery

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16
Q

knee ligaments / tendons

A

-quadriceps tendon
-patella tendon
-anterior cruciate ligament
-posterior cruciate ligament
-lateran and medial collateral ligaments

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17
Q

knee cartilage

A

-articular cartilage on femur
-meniscus on tibia
-if you tear -> medial pain and knee will lock

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18
Q

iliac crest

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A

-bone marrow typically aspirated from iliac crest

19
Q

talonavicular bone fracture

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A

-concerns for necrosis
-not a lot of blood supply to navicular bone

20
Q

hip bone fractures*

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A

-MCly femoral head, neck, trochanters
-avulsion fractures common during sudden stops -> sartorius from ASIS or rectus femoris from ISIS
-at least 2 fractures in the ring of bone formed by pubis, pubic rami and acetabulum (think of a pretzel)

21
Q

femoral fractures*

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A

-MC neck (osteoporosis females)
-intertrochanteric
-direct violent injury - spiral
-distal femur fracture - misalign knee joint
-neck fracture- median circumflex femoral can cause avascular necrosis
-hip bone/neck fracture- injured leg is shorter and externally rotated

22
Q

hip dislocation*

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A

-posterior hip dislocation- internal rotation
-anterior hip dislocation- external rotation

23
Q

coxa vara and coxa valga

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A

-decreased angle- coxa vara -> mild passive abduction of hip
-increased angle- coxa valga
-can be caused by rickets
-congenital ossification defect of neck of femur

24
tibial and fibular fractures*
-anterior tibia fracture- compound (open) or diagonal -fracture of tibia through nutrient canal -> nonunion of bone -fibular fracture- associated with ankle joint dislocation (inversion) -> LATERAL MALLEOULUS AVULSION FRACTURE -ankle ligament tear- excessive inversion causes talus to sheer off ankle ligament -> fibular fracture -must check if mortise is in tack -> surgical repair to prevent arthritis -must be mindful of interosseous tears
25
bone grafts
-fibula is common site -function remains after -periosteum and nutrient artery taken with it
26
fractures involving epiphyseal plates
-disruption of epiphyseal plate at tibial tuberosity during growth -> inflammation and pain -> Osgood-Schlatter disease -Osgood-Schlatter- muscles and bone develop at different rates -Salter-Harris classification- fractures in children
27
runners knee
-weak adductors of thigh and quadricep muscles -weak muscles allow for sliding of knee and rubbing on the condyles -aching deep to patella or around it -quad imbalance -chondromalacia patellae- softening of the cartilage -can also result from extreme flexion or blow to knee
28
compartment syndromes in leg and fasciotomy
-increased pressure -> poor circulation -burns, sustained intense muscle use, trauma -> hemorrhage, edema, inflammation -septa and deep fascia strong -loss of distal pulse -ischemia -fasciotomy
29
saphenous nerve injury
-accompanies great saphenous vein -pain, tingling, numbness along medial border of foot and leg -only sensory
30
varicose veins
-great saphenous vein -dilated tortuous, rotation -valve cusps dont close -reverse flow -higher risk for DVT -tx- sclerosing solutions -failure of perforating vein valves -> pooling in superficial veins (GSV)
31
deep vein thrombosis
-deep femoral vein*, popliteal, posterior, and anterior tibial -NOT the saphenous veins (this is superifical) -swelling, warmth, eryhhema, infection -venous stasis (stagnation) -> thrombus forms -pulmonary thromboembolism- travels to lung -caused by: -loose fascia -> dosent resist muscle expansion (no pump) -inactivity -tx- compression socks
32
femoral nerve block
-just inferior to inguinal ligament
33
hip pointer injury
-contusion of iliac crest MC (bruise) -can also refer to avulsion
34
charlie horse
-acute cramping of individual thigh muscle -ischemia, nocturnal leg cramps, contusion, and rupture of blood vessels (can cause hematoma)
35
paralysis of quadricep femoris
-cant extend leg against resistance -pt presses on distal end of thigh during walking to prevent flexion of knee joint -weakness of vastus medialis or lateralis from arthritis or trauma to knee joint -> patella moves and loss of knee stability
36
transplantation of gracilis
-weak adductor -no loss of action -repairs forearm or external anal sphincter
37
patellar tendon reflex
-leg extension -quad contraction -testing femoral nerve - L2-L4 spinal cord -peripheral nerve disease if no reflex
38
groin pull
-strain, stretching, tearing of flexor and adductor thigh muscles -quick starts usually
39
great saphenous vein
-used for bypass -strip valves or flip it around -doesnt get occluded as frequently -anterior to medial malleolus and posterior to medial knee condyle -next to saphenous nerve
40
femoral vein
-central venous access -> can trace up to heart (RA) -medial to femoral pulse -must be careful of things in the triangle -hematoma can form and obstruct flow to leg
41
pulses of the leg
-femoral (in triangle) -popliteal -posterior tibial (medial malleolus) -dorsalis pedis (anterior tibial artery)
42
sensory innervation to legs/feet
-dorsum of foot- superficial fibular -anterior thigh- anterior cutaneous femoral -medial shin- saphenous nerve -lateral shin lateral sural cutaneous -between big toe- deep fibular nerve -posterior thigh- posterior cutaenous nerve of thigh and inferior gluteal CLUNIAL -buttcheek- superior gluteal CLUNIAL -medial butt- medial gluteal CLUNIAL
43
collateral circulation of leg
-if femoral artery is occluded at adductor canal... -descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral anastomoses with femoral and descending genicular branch
44
femoral nerve
-between iliacus and psoas major

Anatomy (34 decks)

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