Anterior/Medial Thigh + Femoral Triangle

Question 1

how many muscles are there in the anterior thigh?

Answer 1

8:
two make up iliopsoas
4 make up quadriceps femoris
plus sartorius + gracilis

Question 2

which nerve innervates the anterior compartment?

Answer 2

femoral (L2-L4)

Question 3

what is the general function of the anterior compartment?

Answer 3

extensors of knee

Question 4

which 2 muscles make up iliopsoas?

Answer 4

iliacus and psoas major

Question 5

what is the function of iliopsoas?

Answer 5

major hip flexor

also assists in lateral rotation

Question 6

what are the attachments of the iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 6

psoas major comes from lumbar vertebrae, iliacus from the iliac fossa
both attach to lesser trochanter of femur

Question 7

what is the innervation of iliopsoas?

Answer 7

psoas major = anterior rami of L1-L3

iliac = femoral nerve

Question 8

name the muscles of quadriceps femoris

Answer 8

3 vastus muscles (medialis, intermedius + lateralis) and the rectus femoris

Question 9

how does the quadriceps insert?

Answer 9

attaches to patella via quadriceps tendon, patella attaches to tibia by patellar tendon

Question 10

what is the action of the vastus muscles?

Answer 10

extend knee

Question 11

what is the innervation of quadriceps femoris?

Answer 11

anterior compartment, so femoral nerve

Question 12

what are the attachments of rectus femoris?

Answer 12

ilium to patella by quadriceps tendon

Question 13

which quadriceps muscle crosses both knee and hip joints?

Answer 13

rectus femoris

Question 14

what is the action of rectus femoris?

Answer 14

flexes at knee, extends at hip

Question 15

what are the attachments of the sartorius?

Answer 15

ASIS to superior medial surface of tibia

Question 16

what is the action of sartorius?

Answer 16

at hip = flexor, abductor + lateral rotator
at knee = flexor
(sitting cross-legged on floor)

Question 17

what is the action of pectineus?

Answer 17

adduction and flexion at hip

Question 18

why can pectineus be considered either anterior or medial?

Answer 18

innervation of anterior (femoral)

action of medial (adduction and flexion at hip)

Question 19

what are the attachments of pectineus?

Answer 19

pectineal line of pelvis to pectineal line on posterior femur

Question 20

what is the general action of the medial thigh compartment?

Answer 20

hip adduction

Question 21

which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 21

obturator

Question 22

how many muscles are there in the medial thigh?

Answer 22

5

Question 23

name the 5 muscles in the medial thigh

Answer 23

adductor magnus, longus and brevis
obturator externus
gracilis

Question 24

what roots does the obturator nerve arise from?

Answer 24

L2-L4

Question 25

what are the attachments of each part of the adductor magnus?

Answer 25

adductor part: inferior rami of pubis + rami of ischium to linea aspera hamstring part: ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle of distal medial femur

Question 26

what are the actions of each part of adductor magnus?

Answer 26

both adduct thigh adductor part also flexes thigh hamstring part also extends thigh

Question 27

which nerves innervate each part of adductor magnus?

Answer 27

adductor part = obturator nerve | hamstring part = tibial nerve (L4-S3)

Question 28

what border of the femoral triangle does the adductor longus make up?

Answer 28

medial

Question 29

what are the attachments of adductor longus?

Answer 29

pubis - expands into fan shape - attaches broadly to linea aspera

Question 30

what is the action of adductor longus?

Answer 30

adduction and medial rotation of thigh

Question 31

what muscle lies between the anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve?

Answer 31

adductor brevis

Question 32

what are the attachments of adductor brevis?

Answer 32

body of pubis + inferior pubic rami to linea aspera (proximal to longus)

Question 33

what is the action of adductor brevis?

Answer 33

adduction of thigh

Question 34

what are the attachments of the obturator externus?

Answer 34

membrane of obturator foramen and associated bone to posterior aspect of greater trochanter

Question 35

what is the action of obturator externus?

Answer 35

laterally rotates thigh

Question 36

what are the attachments of the gracilis?

Answer 36

inferior rami + body of pubis to medial surface of tibia

Question 37

what is the action of gracilis?

Answer 37

adduction of thigh at hip, flexion of leg at knee

Question 38

which medial thigh muscle crosses hip and knee joints?

Answer 38

gracilis

Question 39

what makes up the superior border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 39

inguinal ligament

Question 40

which border of the femoral triangle does the inguinal ligament make up?

Answer 40

superior

Question 41

what makes up the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 41

sartorius

Question 42

to which border of the femoral triangle does sartorius contribute?

Answer 42

lateral

Question 43

what makes up the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 43

adductor longus

Question 44

what border of the femoral triangle does the adductor longus make up?

Answer 44

medial

Question 45

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 45

``` (lateral to medial) femoral nerve femoral artery fermoral vein femoral canal (contains lymph vessels) NAVEL ```