Anterior Neck

Question 1

boundaries of the neck

Answer 1

anterior to lower mandible to upper surface of manubrium
posteriorly to superior nuchal line of occipital bone and intervertebral disk between C7-T1

Question 2

four neck compartments

Answer 2

visceral
vertebral
2 vascular

Question 3

visceral compartment

contents?

Answer 3

digestive and respiratory components, + endocrine

Question 4

vertebral compartment

Answer 4

largest, brachial and cervical plexuses
cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerves and muscles

Question 5

vascular compartments contents

Answer 5

major blood vessels and vagus nerve

Question 6

fascia of the neck compartments

Answer 6

vertebral - pre vertebral fascia
vascular: carotid sheath fascia
visceral: pre tracheal fascia

Question 7

deep/investing fascia

Answer 7

surrounds all compartments of the neck
forms small compartments for each muscle by splittingsuper

Question 8

superficial fascia

What is contained within (muscle)?

Answer 8

mostly anterior, contains muscle fibers of the platysma

Question 9

platysma

Answer 9

origin: infra and supraclavicular regions
insertion: base of mandible, skin of cheek, angle of mouth
action: draw lateral angle of lips down, protect superficial venous drainage
innervation: facial n

Question 10

superficial venous drainage

What vessels? What connects them?

Answer 10

anterior jugular and external jugular veins
anterior drains anterior compartment of neck
external drains blood from neck and skull
connected by jugular venous arch

Question 11

triangles of the neck

boundaries

Answer 11

anterior: SCM ant border, inferior mandible to manubrium
posterior: posterior SCM, ant trapezius, distal 1/3 clavicle

Question 12

triangles of anterior triangle

Answer 12

submental, submandibular, muscular, carotid

Question 13

submental triangle

boundaries

Answer 13

smallest
hyoid to anterior digastric

Question 14

submandibular triangle

boundaries

Answer 14

sub mandible to digastric

Question 15

carotid triangle

boundaries

Answer 15

largest
SCM ant, digastric, omohyoid

Question 16

muscular triangle

boundaries?

Answer 16

hyoid, superior omohyoid, anterior SCM

Question 17

content of submandibular triangle

Answer 17

facial a/v, submandibular gland, hypoglossal n

Question 18

content of submental triangle

Answer 18

submental lymph nodes

Question 19

content of carotid triangle

Answer 19

int jugular, carotid a, vagus, ansa cervicalis

Question 20

content of muscular triangle

Answer 20

thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 21

muscles of anterior triangle

Answer 21

suprahyoid muscles:
stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 22

stylohyoid

Answer 22

origin: base of styloid process
insertion: greater horn
action: pull hyoid post/superior in swallow
innervation: facial n

Question 23

stylohyoid ligament

function?

Answer 23

improve mechanical efficiency of stylohyoid muscle by stabilizing

Question 24

digastric

Answer 24

origin: ant - digastric fossa; post - mastoid process
insertion: tendon between 2 bellies, body of hyoid
action: elevate hyoid, depress mandible
innervation: mylohyoid n

Question 25

mylohyoid

Answer 25

origin: mylohyoid line on mandible insertion: hyoid body action: support, elevate floor of mouth, elevate hyoid innervation: mylohyoid n

Question 26

geniohyoid

Answer 26

origin: inferior mental spine insertion: hyoid body action: fixation of mandible, pull mandible in innervation: anterior ramus C1

Question 27

sternohyoid

Answer 27

origin: post aspect sternoclavicular ligament insertion: hyoid body action: depress hyoid after swallowing innervation: ansa cervicalis

Question 28

omohyoid

Answer 28

origin: superior border of scapula insertion: hyoid body action: depress hyoid innervation: anterior rami C1-C3

Question 29

thyrohyoid

Answer 29

origin: thyroid cartilage insertion: greater horn hyoid action: depress hyoid, elevate thyroid cartilage innervation: anterior ramus C1

Question 30

sternothyroid

Answer 30

origin: manubrium insertion: thyroid cartilage action: draw larynx/thyroid cartilage down innervation: ansa cervicalis

Question 31

common carotid | Where does it come from, what does it split in to?

Answer 31

rise into the neck on the left this is a branch of the aortic arch, on the right it branches from the brachiocephalic trunk at C3 this artery bifurcates into external and internal carotid

Question 32

internal carotid artery

Answer 32

supplies all structures within the skull

Question 33

external carotid artery | supplies what?

Answer 33

supplies all structures outside the skull

Question 34

internal jugular vein | What drains into it? Where does it drain?

Answer 34

receives blood from all structures in the head and neck, drains into the subclavian vein

Question 35

which vein in the neck is used for central venous access or a ventral venus catheter?

Answer 35

internal jugular previously subclavian which overlaps apex of the lungs

Question 36

which nerves of the anterior triangle pass through the jugular foramen?

Answer 36

CN 9 - glossopharyngeal CN 10 - vagus CN 11 - Accessory

Question 37

Which anterior triangle nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 37

CN 12 - hypoglossal

Question 38

functions of CN 9

Answer 38

innervate pharyngeal wall mixed nerve

Question 39

functions of CN 10

Answer 39

innervate larynx, lungs, heart, liver, and abdominal structures mixed nerve

Question 40

functions of CN 11

Answer 40

innervate SCM and trapezius motor nerve

Question 41

functions of CN12

Answer 41

innervate tongue motor nerve

Question 42

ansa cervicalis | roots? What does it innervate?

Answer 42

loop of nerves C1-C3 innervates the infrahyoid mm. has superior and inferior roots

Question 43

prevertebral mm | list muscles, action

Answer 43

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus capitis, longus colli don't need specific OIAs but know general posiitons for clinical significance all perform neck flexion and are very small, connected to vertebral bodies and occipital bone