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511 > Anterior Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Neck Flashcards

Lecture 1

1
Q

boundaries of the neck

A

anterior to lower mandible to upper surface of manubrium
posteriorly to superior nuchal line of occipital bone and intervertebral disk between C7-T1

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2
Q

four neck compartments

A

visceral
vertebral
2 vascular

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3
Q

visceral compartment

contents?

A

digestive and respiratory components, + endocrine

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4
Q

vertebral compartment

A

largest, brachial and cervical plexuses
cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerves and muscles

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5
Q

vascular compartments contents

A

major blood vessels and vagus nerve

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6
Q

fascia of the neck compartments

A

vertebral - pre vertebral fascia
vascular: carotid sheath fascia
visceral: pre tracheal fascia

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7
Q

deep/investing fascia

A

surrounds all compartments of the neck
forms small compartments for each muscle by splittingsuper

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8
Q

superficial fascia

What is contained within (muscle)?

A

mostly anterior, contains muscle fibers of the platysma

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9
Q

platysma

A

origin: infra and supraclavicular regions
insertion: base of mandible, skin of cheek, angle of mouth
action: draw lateral angle of lips down, protect superficial venous drainage
innervation: facial n

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10
Q

superficial venous drainage

What vessels? What connects them?

A

anterior jugular and external jugular veins
anterior drains anterior compartment of neck
external drains blood from neck and skull
connected by jugular venous arch

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11
Q

triangles of the neck

boundaries

A

anterior: SCM ant border, inferior mandible to manubrium
posterior: posterior SCM, ant trapezius, distal 1/3 clavicle

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12
Q

triangles of anterior triangle

A

submental, submandibular, muscular, carotid

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13
Q

submental triangle

boundaries

A

smallest
hyoid to anterior digastric

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14
Q

submandibular triangle

boundaries

A

sub mandible to digastric

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15
Q

carotid triangle

boundaries

A

largest
SCM ant, digastric, omohyoid

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16
Q

muscular triangle

boundaries?

A

hyoid, superior omohyoid, anterior SCM

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17
Q

content of submandibular triangle

A

facial a/v, submandibular gland, hypoglossal n

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18
Q

content of submental triangle

A

submental lymph nodes

19
Q

content of carotid triangle

A

int jugular, carotid a, vagus, ansa cervicalis

20
Q

content of muscular triangle

A

thyroid and parathyroid glands

21
Q

muscles of anterior triangle

A

suprahyoid muscles:
stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

22
Q

stylohyoid

A

origin: base of styloid process
insertion: greater horn
action: pull hyoid post/superior in swallow
innervation: facial n

23
Q

stylohyoid ligament

function?

A

improve mechanical efficiency of stylohyoid muscle by stabilizing

24
Q

digastric

A

origin: ant - digastric fossa; post - mastoid process
insertion: tendon between 2 bellies, body of hyoid
action: elevate hyoid, depress mandible
innervation: mylohyoid n

25
Q

mylohyoid

A

origin: mylohyoid line on mandible
insertion: hyoid body
action: support, elevate floor of mouth, elevate hyoid
innervation: mylohyoid n

26
Q

geniohyoid

A

origin: inferior mental spine
insertion: hyoid body
action: fixation of mandible, pull mandible in
innervation: anterior ramus C1

27
Q

sternohyoid

A

origin: post aspect sternoclavicular ligament
insertion: hyoid body
action: depress hyoid after swallowing
innervation: ansa cervicalis

28
Q

omohyoid

A

origin: superior border of scapula
insertion: hyoid body
action: depress hyoid
innervation: anterior rami C1-C3

29
Q

thyrohyoid

A

origin: thyroid cartilage
insertion: greater horn hyoid
action: depress hyoid, elevate thyroid cartilage
innervation: anterior ramus C1

30
Q

sternothyroid

A

origin: manubrium
insertion: thyroid cartilage
action: draw larynx/thyroid cartilage down
innervation: ansa cervicalis

31
Q

common carotid

Where does it come from, what does it split in to?

A

rise into the neck
on the left this is a branch of the aortic arch, on the right it branches from the brachiocephalic trunk
at C3 this artery bifurcates into external and internal carotid

32
Q

internal carotid artery

A

supplies all structures within the skull

33
Q

external carotid artery

supplies what?

A

supplies all structures outside the skull

34
Q

internal jugular vein

What drains into it? Where does it drain?

A

receives blood from all structures in the head and neck, drains into the subclavian vein

35
Q

which vein in the neck is used for central venous access or a ventral venus catheter?

A

internal jugular
previously subclavian which overlaps apex of the lungs

36
Q

which nerves of the anterior triangle pass through the jugular foramen?

A

CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
CN 10 - vagus
CN 11 - Accessory

37
Q

Which anterior triangle nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN 12 - hypoglossal

38
Q

functions of CN 9

A

innervate pharyngeal wall
mixed nerve

39
Q

functions of CN 10

A

innervate larynx, lungs, heart, liver, and abdominal structures
mixed nerve

40
Q

functions of CN 11

A

innervate SCM and trapezius
motor nerve

41
Q

functions of CN12

A

innervate tongue
motor nerve

42
Q

ansa cervicalis

roots? What does it innervate?

A

loop of nerves C1-C3
innervates the infrahyoid mm.
has superior and inferior roots

43
Q

prevertebral mm

list muscles, action

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus capitis, longus colli
don’t need specific OIAs but know general posiitons for clinical significance
all perform neck flexion and are very small, connected to vertebral bodies and occipital bone

511 (13 decks)

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