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511 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

pleural cavity

A

fluid filled space between pleural layers of the lungs (visceral and parietal pleura)

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2
Q

pleural recesses

A

reservation spaces in pleural cavity
needed for lung expansion in deep inhalation

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3
Q

components of the upper respiratory system

A

mouth
nasal cavities
pharynx
larynx

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4
Q

components of the lower respiratory system

A

trachea
bronchial tree
lungs
pleural membranes
alveoli

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5
Q

respiratory movements of the ribs

A

pump handle: ribs elevate as sternum expands forward
bucket handle: ribs depress and sternum moves inward

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6
Q

larynx components

A

epiglottis
hyoid
thyroid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
vocal process

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6
Q

epiglottis

A

opens and closes larynx
when closed food can only travel down the esophagus, so it closes in swallowing

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7
Q

arytenoid cartilage function

A

vocal cords attach, lots of movement
the muscles moving these affect vocal cord tension for speech

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8
Q

larynx innervation

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve
ramification of the vagus nerve

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9
Q

What forms the pulmonary ligament? Where is it located?

A

this is formed by the two layers of pleura joining at the root of the lung

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10
Q

What is contained within the pleural cavity?

A

serous fluid only, no air

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11
Q

pneumothorax

A

when a puncture allows are into the pleural cavity
can lead to collapse of a lung

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12
Q

How far inferior and superior do the lungs extend?

A

superiorly, they extend above rib 1
inferiorly, they extend to just above the costal margin

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13
Q

parts of the parietal pleura

A

correspond to the area they are in
suprapleural membrane
cervical pleura
costal part
mediastinal part
diaphragmatic part

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14
Q

suprapleural membrane - what attaches to it? Why does this matter?

A

attached to transverse processes of C7 and medial rib 1
scalenes attach to membrane, if they are slack lung can depress

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15
Q

innervation of parietal pleura

A

costal/cervical: intercostal nerves
diaphragmatic/mediastinal: phrenic nerve

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16
Q

visceral pleura innervation

A

pulmonary plexus autonomic innervation
no sensory innervation of pain/temp/pressure

17
Q

mechanism of lung expansion

A

parietal pleura inflexible, visceral pleura flexible
hydrostatic pressure between the two layers expands the lungs
expansion of the thoracic wall and diaphragm moves the parietal to its end range, pulling on visceral

18
Q

purpose of pleural recesses

A

allow maximal lung expansion
lungs don’t fill the entire space normally so they have room to expand

19
Q

retroesophageal recesses

A

reflection of mediastinal pleura supporting esophagus

20
Q

infracardiac recess

A

small, right side only, goes below IVC

21
Q

costomediastinal recess

A

larger on left, where we find cardiac notch

22
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

largest, most significant
where lungs expand into
between intercostal spaces 6-12

23
Q

pulmonary arteries deliver…

A

deoxygenated blood
AWAY from heart to lungs
from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk

24
Q

pulmonary veins deliver…

A

oxygenated blood form lungs TOWARDS heart to the left atrium

25
Q

phrenic and vagus nerves in relation to the root of the lungs

A

phrenic is anterior, vagus is posterior

26
Q

fissures of the right lung

A

horizontal: separates superior and middle lobe
oblique: separates inferior and superior/middle

27
Q

fissures of the left lung

A

oblique: separate inferior/superior

28
Q

surface anatomy of the right lung

A

superior lobe: upper anterolateral wall, root of the neck
middle lobe: lower anterolateral wall
inferior lobe: posterior/inferior walls

29
Q

surface anatomy of the left lung

A

superior lobe: upper anterolateral wall, root of neck
inferior lobe: posterior/inferior walls

30
Q

transverse cartilage of the trachea

A

c shaped, leaving an open part posteriorly

30
Q

components of the conductive zone

A

nose
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

30
Q

boundaries of the trachea

A

C6-T4/5
bifurcation at T4/5

30
Q

carina

A

lowest tracheal ring
projects backwards in midline between origins of the two bronchi

31
Q

bronchioles

A

smaller than 1mm
walls made of muscle
smallest branch of bronchial tree

32
Q

components of respiratory zone

A

pulmonary arteriole
capillaries
pulmonary venule, alveoli/duct, alveolar sac, bronciole

33
Q

bronchopulmonary segments

A

each has it’s own airways and can function independently if one fails
some fuse, esp in left lung
10 segments each lung

34
Q

bronchial vessels

A

provide nutrition to the lungs
right: from R 3rd intercostal a.
left: straight from aorta

35
Q

right vs left pulmonary artery differences

A

left is shorter, anterior to descending aorta, posterior to superior pulmonary vein
right: longer, horizontal to mediastinum

36
Q

What forms the right and left pulmonary plexuses?

A

vagus nerves and sympathetic trunks

511 (13 decks)

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