Posterior Neck

Question 1

posterior triangle of neck borders

Answer 1

posterior edge of SCM
anterior trapezius muscle
mid 1/3 of clavicle
occipital bone
floor is the prevertebral layer of cervical fascia

Question 2

Subdivisions of the posterior triangle

Answer 2

divided by the omohyoid
below is the omoclavicular/subclavian
above is the occipital triangle

Question 3

all superficial muscles of the posterior triangle borders are encompassed by which fascia?

Answer 3

investing fascia
has pockets for omohyoid, SCm, trapezius

Question 4

The muscles of the floor of the posterior triangle are encompassed by which fasica?

Answer 4

The pre vertebral layer

Question 5

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

origin: sternal head - manubrium
clavicular head - medial 1/3rd clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
innervation: accessory nerve
action: flex the head and neck laterally, rotate head to the opposite side (unilaterally)
bilaterally - extend head at OA and flex inferior cervical spine

Question 6

splenius capitis

Answer 6

origin: spinous process C7-T3, ligamentum nuchae
insertion: mastoid process
innervation: posterior rami C1-C6
action: ipsilateral head rotation, extension/lateral flexion of spine and head

Question 7

what muscles are innervated by posterior rami

Answer 7

intrinsic muscles of the neck and back

Question 8

posterior scalene

Answer 8

origin: posterior tubercles transverse processes C5-7
insertion: lateral 2nd rib
innervation: anterior rami C5-8
action: elevate 2nd rib and lateral flexion

Question 9

middle scalene

Answer 9

origin: posterior tubercles of C2-7 transverse process
insertion: upper 1st rib
innervation: anterior rami C3-8
action: elevate rib 1

Question 10

anterior scalene

Answer 10

origin: anterior tubercles transverse processes C3-6
insertion: scalene tubercle 1st rib
innervation: anterior rami C4-6
action: elevate 1st rib

Question 11

Where does the subclavian artery branch from on L and R?

Answer 11

L: aortic arch
R: brachiocephalic trunk

Question 12

divisions of the subclavian artery

Answer 12

1st: aortic arch to anterior scalane (thyrocervical trunk branches here)
2nd: posterior to anterior scalene m.
3rd: exiting between anterior and middle scalene
crosses base of posterior triangle, becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of rib 1

Question 13

Which scalene does the subclavian vein run anterior to?

Answer 13

anterior scalene

Question 14

branches of the thyrocervical trunk (artery)

Answer 14

transverse cervical a –> superficial and deep branches
suprascapular a

Question 15

Where do the branches of the thyrocervical trunk run

Answer 15

superficial transverse cervical: deep surface of trapezius
deep transverse cervical: deep surface of rhomboids
suprascapular: posterior surface of scapula

Question 16

cervical plexus

Answer 16

made by anterior rami of C1-4
muscular/deep branches and cutaneous branches
ansa cervicalis: anterior and posterior roots to infrahyoid muscles

Question 17

branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 17

lesser occipital nerve - C2, skin neck and scalp post. to ears
transverse cervical nerve - C2-3, lat. ant. neck
great auricular nerve - C2-3, skin parotid region, ears, mastoid area
supraclavicular nerve - C3-4, skin clavicle and shoulder
phrenic nerve - C3-4, diaphragm, sensory and motor