Anterior Neck

Question 1

anterior triangle of the neck boundaries

Answer 1

Inferior border of the mandible

Posterior border of the SCM

Anterior midline of the neck

Roof: platysma and the investing fascia

Question 2

mental triangle boundaries

Answer 2

Between two anterior bellies of digastric m. and the hyoid bone

Question 3

muscular triangle boundaries

Answer 3

superior belly of the omohyoid

lower anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid

median line of the neck

Question 4

submandibular triangle boundaries

Answer 4

posterior and anterior bellies of the digastric m.

inferior border of the mandible

floor: mylohyoid, hypoglossus, middle constrictor m.

Question 5

carotid triangle boundaries

Answer 5

anterior border of SCM

superior belly of omohyoid

posterior belly of digastric m.

stylohyoid

Question 6

Which vessel lies in superficial fascia lateral to the SCM?

Answer 6

external jugular vein

Question 7

Anterior jugular v.s can drain into…

Answer 7

EJV or into subclavian v. (deep to SCM)

Question 8

suprahyoid muscles

Answer 8

mylohoyoid
anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid

Question 9

infrahyoid muscles

Answer 9

thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
superior, inferior belly of omohyoid

Question 10

Which a./v. cross inferior border of mandible and travel superiorly?

Answer 10

the FACIAL artery and vein

br. of external carotid a.

Question 11

which nerves supply the digastric m. (anterior belly) and mylohyoid?

Answer 11

n. to mylohyoid (br. of mandibular division of trigeminal, CN V3)

Question 12

Which n. supplies the digastric m. (posterior belly) and the styloyoid?

Answer 12

branches of facial n. (CN VII)

Question 13

Inferior alveolar n.

Answer 13

br. of CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal)

(enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen, passes along the mandibular canal, exits through the mental foramen)

sensory to teeth

Question 14

two actions of the thyrohyoid m.

Answer 14

• depress hyoid bone

- elevate thyroid cartilage

Question 15

ansa cervicalis

Answer 15

from C1-C3

innervates infrahyoid m. EXCEPT thyrohyoid

• sternohyoid
• sup belly of omohyoid
• sternothyroid
• inf belly of omohyoid

Question 16

Innervation to thyrohyoid m.

Answer 16

directly innervated by a branch of C1 that piggy backs w/ hypoglossus n. (CN XII)

Question 17

Which two roots of the ansa cervicalis piggy back with the hypoglossal n.?

Answer 17

Superior part of C1

Superior part of C2

Question 18

upper loop of ansa cervicalis

Answer 18

C1

Question 19

lower loop of ansa cervicalis

Answer 19

C2-C3

Question 20

thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of ___ that hitch-hike on the _________ n.

Answer 20

thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of C1 that hitch-hike on the HYPOGLOSSAL n.

Question 21

all infrahyoid muscles except the _______ are innervated by ansa cervicalis

Answer 21

all infrahyoid muscles except the THYROHYOID are innervated by ansa cervicalis

Question 22

carotid triangle

Answer 22

IJV, CCA, vagus n.

surrounded by carotid sheath

Question 23

Which vein is just lateral to the common carotid artery

Answer 23

internal juglar vein

Question 24

vagus n. lies between and just behind

Answer 24

internal juglar vein and common carotid artery

Question 25

n. structure coming around medial and lateral side of internal jugular vein and then join together

Answer 25

ansa cervicalis

Question 26

Where should you palpate the carotid pulse?

Answer 26

depression just anterior to SCM and below mandible

Question 27

right common carotid a. is a branch of the

Answer 27

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 28

Internal carotid a. vs external carotid a., which is anterior

Answer 28

external carotid a. is ANTERIOR to internal carotid a.

Question 29

left common carotid a. is a branch of the

Answer 29

arch of aorta

Question 30

the common carotid a. divides into internal and external carotid at ~ level of the

Answer 30

upper edge of thyroid cartilage

Question 31

the subclavian a. is divided into 3 parts by which m.?

Answer 31

anterior scalene m.

Question 32

The r. recurrent laryngeal n. crosses almost 90 degrees to which vessel?

Answer 32

inferior thyroid a.

Question 33

Which branches of the internal carotid a. travel into the neck?

Answer 33

NONE. Internal carotid has no branches in the neck. Main job is in brain via cerebral arteries.

Question 34

Branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 34

SALFOPSMax - superior thyroid - ascending pharyngeal - lingual - facial - occipital - posterior auricular - superficial temporal - maxillary

Question 35

Middle meningeal a. is a branch of which a.?

Answer 35

maxillary a.

Question 36

External carotid a. supplies everything outside the dura mater EXCEPT ...

Answer 36

the anterior forehead, which is supplied by internal carotid a. via the supraorbital a. (br. of ophthalmic a.)

Question 37

arteries forming arterial circle of willis

Answer 37

``` Anterior cerebral aa. Anterior communicating a. ICA --> Middle cerebral a. Posterior communicating aa. Posterior cerebral aa. Basilar a. Vertebral aa. ```

Question 38

receptor in carotid body

Answer 38

chemoreceptors | detect pO2, pCO2

Question 39

receptors in carotid sinus

Answer 39

baroreceptors | detect pressure

Question 40

innervation of carotid body/sinus

Answer 40

Visceral sensory. Carotid sinus n. (branch of CN IX glossopharyngeal)

Question 41

carotid sinus reflex

Answer 41

If palpate the carotid pulse too hard, carotid sinus is overstimulated --> decreased HR, syncope HR slowed by vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 42

sympathetic chain (cervical) lies behind ________

Answer 42

sympathetic chain lies behind CAROTID SHEATH

Question 43

branches off of IJV

Answer 43

``` occipital v pharyngeal vv. facial v. lingual v thyroid v. (superior, middle) ```

Question 44

superficial lymph nodes of the neck/head

Answer 44

``` occipital mastoid parotid submandibular submental ```

Question 45

deep cervical nodes are divided into superior deep and inferior deep groups by _____________

Answer 45

omohyoid

Question 46

lymph node inflammed with pharyngitis

Answer 46

jugulo-digastric LN

Question 47

lymph node swollen with disease in thorax/abdomen

Answer 47

supraclavicular LN

Question 48

what drains lymphatics from head?

Answer 48

internal jugular trunk empties into R thoracic duct on right // thoracic duct on left

Question 49

hormones produced by thyroid gland

Answer 49

T3/T4: regulate metabolism Calcitonin: regulates Ca++ levels in blood

Question 50

thyroid gland lies posterior to ______, anterior/lateral to ________ and __________, medial to _________.

Answer 50

thyroid gland lies posterior to INFRAHYOID MUSCLES, anterior/lateral to TRACHEA and ESOPHAGUS, medial to CAROTID SHEATH.

Question 51

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into__________

Answer 51

internal jugular vein

Question 52

pyramidal lobe of thyroid

Answer 52

remnant of thyroglossal duct (foramen cecum to thyroid gland)

Question 53

What stimulates the thyroid gland? Regulation?

Answer 53

TRH/TSH from hypothalamus/pitutary. | High levels of T3/T4 produce negative feedback on TRH/TSH to maintain a constant level.

Question 54

goiter

Answer 54

hypertrophy of thyroid gland. | Absence of iodine causes absence of T3/T4 --> increased TRH/TSH --> hypertrophy

Question 55

parathyroid hormone

Answer 55

Regulates level of calcium in blood/bones/GI system. | 4 parathyroid glands (2 superior, 2 inferior)

Question 56

branches of subclavian artery

Answer 56

SUBCLAVIAN INTERNAL THORACIC THYROCERVICAL TRUNK - inf thyroid --> ascending cervical - transverse cervical - suprascapular VERTEBRAL COSTOCERVICAL - deep cervical - supreme intercostal

Question 57

what drains into internal jugular vein?

Answer 57

- inf petrosal v - occipital v - pharyngeal vv. - facial v - lingual v - superior thyroid v - middle thyroid v