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ANTHELMINTIC AGENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are helmentic infections

A

GI tract infection or other tissues due to warm or infestation

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2
Q

the most prevalent helminthic infection: fertilized roundworm eggs are ingested, that hatch in the small intestine then make their way to the lungs, that may cause cough, fever and other pulonary infiltrate

A

ascaris

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3
Q

other name for cestode

A

tapeworms

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4
Q

a tapeworm with a head and a segmented body parts that is capable of growing in several yards in the human intestine

A

cestode

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5
Q

infection of the blood and tissue of healthy individuals by worm embryos or filariae

A

filariasis

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6
Q

worm that can cause disease by invading the human body

A

helminth

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7
Q

worm that attached themselves in the small intestine of infected individuals, where they suck blood from the intestine and damage the intestinal wall that leads to severe anemia and lethergy, weakness, fatigue

A

hookworms

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8
Q

roundworms suchas common pinworm, whipworm, thrreadworm, ascaris .. that cause common helminthic infection in humans; cause intestinal obstruction that clogs the intestinal lumen or severe pneumonia when the larvae migrate to the lungs that form pulmonary infiltrate

A

nematode

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9
Q

nematode that causes helmenthic infection that , lives in intestine that causes anal and vaginal irritation and itching

A

pinworm

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10
Q

flatworms, including cestodes and tapewormscan live in human intestine or in tissues

A

platyhemlinths

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11
Q

infection in the blood fluke that is carried by the snails; the larvae burrow into the skin causes rash, diarrhea, liver and brain inflammation

A

schistosomiasis

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12
Q

pervasive nematode that can send larvae into the lungs, liver ,cns, can cause severe pneumonia or liver abscess

A

threadworm

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13
Q

disease result from ingestin of encysted roundworm larvae in undercooked pork; the larvae migrate into the body to invade muscles, nerves and other tissues; can cause pneumonia, heart failure and encephalitis

A

trichinosis

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14
Q

worm that attaches itself to intestinal mucosa and sucks blood, may cause severe anemia and disintegration of intestinal mucosa

A

whipworm

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15
Q

the helminths that commonly infect humans are two types

A
  1. nematodes (roundworm)

2. platyhelminths (flatworms)

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16
Q

what are the Anthelmintic Agents

A
  • albendazole
  • mabendazole
  • ivermectin
  • pyrantel
  • praziquantel
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17
Q

what are the roundwoms exmaples

A

pinworms, threadworms, hookworms, ascaris,

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18
Q

what are the platyheminths

A
  1. cestodes (tapeworms)

2. flukes (schistosomes)

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19
Q

can tapeworm regenerate?

A

yes

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20
Q

pinworm : mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

it’s mechanism of disease is: remain in intestine

manifestation: perineal and vaginal itching

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21
Q

whipworm: mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

attach to wall of colon

manifestation: colic, bloody diarrhea

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22
Q

threadworm: mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

burrow into intestine, enter lungs, liver and other tissues

manifestation: pneumonia, liver abscess

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23
Q

ascaris: pinworm : mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

burrow into intestine, enter blood and infect lungs

manifestation: cough, fever, pulmonary infiltrate, abdominal distention, pain

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24
Q

hookworm: : mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

attach to the wall of the intestine

manifestation: anemia, fatigue, malabsorption

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25
cestodes: : mechanism of disease and manifestation
living in the intestine ingesting nutrients from the host | manifestation: weight loss, abdominal distention
26
caused by ingestion of iencysted larvae of roundworm, trichenella spinalis, in undercooked worm
trichinosis
27
infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals byworm embroyos, injected by insects
filariasis
28
infection of the fluke carried by a snail
schistosomiasis
29
describe the life cycle of schistosomiasis
1. eggs infetcs snails 2. snails have larvae cercariae 3. humans contact with snails in the water 4. humans is infected 5. larvae burrow go to bloodstream and the lungs and liver to mature 6. adults move to intestine and urinary bladder. females lay masses of eggs 7. eggs excrete in feces
30
meassures to control infection
``` 1. keep nails short keep hands clean handwashing shower in the morning change undergarments, linens , pajamas daily wash hands after going to bathroom ```
31
site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what pyrantel cause
paralysis and cell death
32
site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what albendazole
blocks tubule and formation
33
site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what mebendazole
prevent cell use of glucose
34
site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what praziquantel
increase membrane permeability that cause cell death
35
site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what ivemectin
blocks calcium channels, leading to nerve and muscle paralysis and cell death
36
site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what theabendazole
supresses egg and larvae production
37
antehelmentic agent across lifespan: in children > remember > toxic antehelmentic agent for children are: > common drug use > consider:
remember: culture before giving drugs toxic antehelmentic agent for children are: ivermectin,albendazole, praziquantel common drug: mebendazole (chewable tablet) consider: nutritional status and hydration when taking these drugs can develop serious GI effect
38
antehelmentic agent across lifespan: >adult > pregannt women
adult: indenial that they have infected by worms preganant: benefit outweights risk
39
antehelmentic agent across lifespan: > older adult > consideration
older: serious effects on GI and cns , so dose adjustment is needed consider: monitor nutrition and hydration carefully
40
albendazole usual indication
treatment of active lesions cause by pork tapeworm | and cystic disease of the liver, lungs, and peritoneum by dog tapeworm
41
ivermectin usual indication
treament of threadworm disease or stronglyloidiasis, river blindness
42
mebendazole usual indication
treatment of disease caused pinworms, round worms, whipworms, hookworms
43
praziquantel usual indication
treatment of wide number of schistosomes or flukes
44
pyrantel usual indication
treatment of disease caused by pinworms, roundworms, single dose maybe oreferred to patients who have trouble remmebering to take medication
45
dosage for: albendazole
B.I.D for >60kg | bid, plus 28cycle, 14day rest <60kg
46
dosage for: ivermectin
single dose
47
dosage for: mebendazole
po morning and evening 3 consecutive days
48
dosage for: praziquantel
3x a day
49
pyrantel
po, single dose
50
what is albendazole action?
treats active lesions caused by pork tapeworms and cystic disease in liver, lung, peritoneum cause by dog tapeworm
51
what is albendazole pharmacokinetics?
poorly absorbed in GI
52
what is albendazole Contraindication (4)
allergy, pregant, lactation, renal, hepatic
53
what is albendazole adverse effect:
abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, headache, diziness, shaking
54
what is albendazole drug to drug interaction
-----------
55
what is ivermectin action
effetctive in nematode that causes river blindness, onchoceriasis
56
what is ivermectin pharmacokinetic
absoorbed: GI, excreted feces
57
what is ivermectin Contraindication
allergy, pregant, lactation, renal, hepatic
58
what is mebendazole action
most commonly used in anthelmintic agents, effective against pinworm, roundworms, whipworms, hookworms, available in chewable
59
what is mebendazole pharmacokinetic
not metabolized in the body, excreted unchanged in feces
60
what is mebendazole contraindication
allergy, pregant, lactation, renal, hepatic
61
what is praziquantel action
treamtent of wide number of flukes
62
doses of prazinquantel
3x day, 4-6doses interval
63
drug action pyrantel
oral drug effective against roundworm, pinworm
64
oral drug effective against roundworm, pinworm
drug action pyrantel
65
action of thiabendazole
for roundworm, hookworm, whipworm infection
66
type of infection That cause GI and tissue worm infection
helminthic infection
67
is platyhelminthis , what type of worm
flatworm
68
nematode, what type of worm
roundworm
69
is platyhelminthis , what type of worm
flatworm
70
nematode, what type of worm
roundworm
71
schistosomiasis causes
rash, diarrhea, liver, brain, inflmmation
72
worm cause liver abcess and sever pneumonia
threadworm
73
the most common infection on school aged children
pinworms
74
how pinworms transfer
> objects | > inhaled
75
worm that cause vaginal and anal itching
pinworms
76
transmission is by eggs found on soil
whipworm
77
causes bloddy diarrhea and colic
whipworm
78
attached to colon
whipworm
79
in severe cases can cause proplapse in intestinal wall, and anemia related to blood loss
whipworm

PHARMA -MD (3 decks)

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