Anthropology 2

Question 1

What is a hominid

Answer 1

A group within the order “primates” consisting of all great apes, living or extinct. Etc. chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutan’s, humans

Question 2

What is hominin

Answer 2

A group within the order “primates” consisting of all humans, living or extinct and chimpanzees.

Question 3

What is Charles Darwin key theory

Answer 3

Species were forced to evolve or they would become extinct. Those that were able to adapt lived and passed down characteristics to offsprings.

Question 4

Humans and chimpanzees shared a common ancestor around how many years ago

Answer 4

6 mil

Question 5

What makes us human?

Answer 5

1. Bipedalism( walking upright in two legs)
2. (Shorter jaws with smaller teeth)
3. Larger brains
4. Increasingly comped forms of technology

Question 6

What was first change that made us human

Answer 6

Fossil evidence shows that our ancestors became bipeds first, followed by teeth and jaws, much later they got larger brains and more complex technology.

Question 7

What does Logos mean

Answer 7

Reason, or thinking

Question 8

What is Archaeology

Answer 8

Involves excavation and study of human structures/artefacts such as weapons, clothing, garbage to see how humans lived in thier culture.

Question 9

What is significant about L’Anse aux Meadows artefact

Answer 9

This site found in Newfoundland and labrador shows evidence of Viking inhabitants in North America. Significant because of pre-Columbian site.

Question 10

State Skalholt map year and its significance.

Answer 10

It’s significant because it indicates evidence of Viking exploration.

Question 11

What is organic remains?

Answer 11

once living, such as people, plants, animals or plant organic matter such as food, paper, wood etc.

Question 12

What is inorganic remains?

Answer 12

never living, stone, metal, clay, plastic, glass- will not rot or decay the way organics do

Question 13

What is an artifact?

Answer 13

Anything made or used by a human in the past.

Question 14

What is Assemblage?

Answer 14

The whole collection of artifacts from any given site.

Question 15

What are features

Answer 15

Structures or areas including dwellings, food, processing sites and walls.

Question 16

What’s the difference between artefacts and features?

Answer 16

Artefacts are portable, features are not.

Question 17

Whats a tell

Answer 17

A mound, unexplained by natural geographical phenomena. They indicate remains of human habitation.

Question 18

What is Stratigraphy?

Answer 18

Studying the layers of remains at a site.

As you dig deeper objects get progressively older.

Question 19

What is radiocarbon dating?

Answer 19

Determining the age of organic material by measuring the level of radioisotope carbon 14. Can use to count up to 40,000 years.

Question 20

What is Dendrochronology?

Answer 20

Using tree rings to date wood used in artifacts or structures.

Question 21

What is typology?

Answer 21

Grouping artifacts together by characteristics they have in common.

Question 22

What is Mitochondrial DNA dating?

Answer 22

mtDNA dating is based on the assumption that mutations occur at a constant rate.The accumulated mutations in DNA can be measured, and the time necessary for them to occur calculated.

Question 23

What is linguistic anthropology?

Answer 23

Involves the study of the structure of language, how languages vary across cultures. And how languages change over time.

Question 24

What is the Sapir- Whorf Hypothesis?

Answer 24

The way humans understand the world around them is influenced significantly by their language.

Question 25

What is structural linguistics?

Answer 25

The study of how sounds are put together to create meaning.

Question 26

Who is the father of structural linguistics?

Answer 26

Noam Chomsky

Question 27

What is universal grammar theory

Answer 27

that human children are born with innate, universal rules for grammar and apply these rules as they learn their mother tongue. Evolutionary biologists disagree with this theory, saying language is not encoded in the brain but is a learned skill.

Question 28

What is sociolinguistic anthro

Answer 28

The study of how people use language within their culture to express status and context. Sociolinguists also study body language in different cultural contexts.

Question 29

what is it called... | helping others when doing so does not offer a clear benefit or advantage.

Answer 29

Altruism in primate behaviour

Question 30

who is Franz de Waal and what did he do

Answer 30

research on the moral behaviour of primates and social structure contribute

Question 31

Who were the trimates

Answer 31

- Jane Goodell- Observed tool-use and complex social behavior among chimpanzees. - Dian Fossey- Became involved in anti-poaching efforts. - Birute Galdikas-Involved in conservation efforts.

Question 32

Name 2 sense of mind statements and what they mean

Answer 32

- Sense of mind – knowing that others see the world from their own perspective . - -Sense of fairness – comparing circumstance to that of others.

Question 33

What is Palentheology

Answer 33

Bones and stones branch of anthropology | -evidence such as preserved remains impression of biological matter (fossils) and stone tools.

Question 34

What is facultative and obligate biped.

Answer 34

facultative- Could run and walk on two legs under exceptional circumstances. obligate- Walk and runs on two legs as a normal and primary method of mobility.

Question 35

Who is reymound dart and what did he discover.

Answer 35

Dart made the skull the type specimen of a new genus and species, Australopithecus africanus, or “southern ape of Africa.

Question 36

Who is Donald Johanson and what did he discover.

Answer 36

is best known for his 1974 groundbreaking discovery of the 3.2 million- year-old skeleton known as Lucy. aka Australopithecus afarensis

Question 37

What did the Leaky's discover

Answer 37

Kenyapithecus, another link between apes and early man that lived about 14 million years ago.

Question 38

Who is Turkana boy

Answer 38

A homo erectus that allowed scientists to find out a lot of information about body size, body shape, and growth rates of Homo erectus. This skeleton is 40% complete,

Question 39

What is olduvai gorge

Answer 39

In tanzania, Olduvai Gorge is an important paleoanthropological site that has the oldest evidence of human evolution. Paleoanthropologists have discovered hundreds of fossilized bones and stone tool at the site that dates back to millions of years, leading to the conclusion that Africa was the place for human evolution

Question 40

What does homo habilis

Answer 40

Handy man

Question 41

Who is Richard lee and what is he associated with

Answer 41

- Canadian ethnographer - Studying the Dobe Ju/'hoansi in 1960 - "insult the meat"

Question 42

What is DIASPORA

Answer 42

populations that share a similar origin (location) but are located in various places around the world (ethnic communities).

Question 43

How do ethnologist study a culture

Answer 43

Through participant observation. in some cases living with a group and participating in their culture, while taking extensive notes.

Question 44

What is functionalism

Answer 44

- all of the parts of a community contribute to the overall functioning of the whole culture.

Question 45

What is an ethnic group

Answer 45

a community of people who share a common culture or background.

Question 46

Who is considered "the Father of American Anthropology"

Answer 46

Franz Boas

Question 47

What is cultural relativism

Answer 47

Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. Instead, we should try to understand cultural practices of other groups in its own cultural context.