Anti-histamine and Anti-emetics

Question 1

First generation antihistamines

Answer 1

antihistamines that cause a sedative side effect

Question 2

Second generation antihistamines

Answer 2

More expensive and have been linked to heart problems, but do not have a sedative effect

Question 3

Anti histamine - action

Answer 3

Inhibits the effects of histamine by antaganising the histamine receptors

Question 4

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - example

Answer 4

Pirton

Question 5

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - action

Answer 5

Binds to H1 receptor to prevent binding of histamine

Excreted in urine

Question 6

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - uses

Answer 6

Allergies
Anaphylactic reactions (after steroids and adrenaline)
Mild anxiety in dogs and cats

Question 7

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - side effects

Answer 7

Sedation

May reduce the seizure threshold

Question 8

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - examples

Answer 8

Periactin

Question 9

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - action

Answer 9

binds to H1 receptors and serotonin receptions to block acetycholine

Question 10

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - uses

Answer 10

Allergic skin conditions

Appetite stimulant

Question 11

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - side effects

Answer 11

Sedation
polyphagia
weight gain
may reduce seizure threshold

Question 12

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - examples

Answer 12

Benadryl

Question 13

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - action

Answer 13

binds to H1 receptors

excreted in the urine

Question 14

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - uses

Answer 14

pruritus 
prevention of motion sickness
allergic rhinitis in birds
ferrets prior to vaccines if previous reaction
Mild sedative

Question 15

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - side effects

Answer 15

sedation
paradoxical excitement in cats
Liquid is unpleasant

Question 16

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - examples

Answer 16

Clarityn

Question 17

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - actions

Answer 17

binds to H1 receptors

excreted in faeces, urine and breast milk

Question 18

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - uses

Answer 18

management of allergic disease

Question 19

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - side effects

Answer 19

Drowsiness

May reduce seizure threshold

Question 20

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - examples

Answer 20

Zirtec

Question 21

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - action

Answer 21

Binds to H1 receptors

Excreted in urine

Question 22

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - uses

Answer 22

allergic symptoms
prevent early anaphylaxsis
may help eosinophillic disease in cats

Question 23

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - side effects

Answer 23

May reduce seizure threshold

contraindicated in patients with renal impairment

Question 24

Anti-emetics - action

Answer 24

blocks vomiting receptors or neurotransmitters that stimulate them

Question 25

Neurotransmitters that cause vomitting

Answer 25

``` Histamine Acetylcholine Serotonin (toxins and irritants) Dopamine Substance P (pain transmitter) ```

Question 26

Antiemetics - ACP

Answer 26

Tranquilizer used as antiemtic for motion sickness Blocks dopamine Stops histamine released in response to stimulation of inner ear

Question 27

Antiemetics - Benadryl

Answer 27

Decreased impulses sent from the vestibular apparatus within the inner ear more effective in dogs than cats - dogs have more receptors side effect - sedation

Question 28

Antiemetics - Atropine

Answer 28

Decreased gut motility and intestinal secretions | can make vomiting worse

Question 29

Antiemetics - metocloprimide

Answer 29

Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors More effective in dogs Increases lower oesophageal muscle tone - reduces vomiting created by gastric stasis side effects - sedation and frenzied behaviours in cats

Question 30

Antiemetics - maropitant

Answer 30

inhibits vomiting by blocking neurokinin receptors used to treat vomiting induced by motion sickness or chemotherapy Plasma bound Pain on injection (keep in fridge) Side effects - V+ hypersalivation and lethargy

Question 31

Antiemetics - Zofran

Answer 31

Antiemetic in chemotherapy | Serotonine antagonist