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NT - supporting supply of veterinary medicines > Parasiticides > Flashcards

Parasiticides Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Endoparasite

A

Internal parasite

  • round worm
  • tape worm
  • lung worm
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2
Q

Ectoparasite

A

External parasite

  • fleas
  • ticks
  • lice
  • mites
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3
Q

Endoparasiticide

A

Acts on internal parasites

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4
Q

Ectoparasiticide

A

Acts on external parasites

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5
Q

Endeparasiticide

A

Acts on internal and external parasites

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6
Q

Acarids

A 
Arachnids 
- ticks
- mites
4 pairs of legs 
2 body sections
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7
Q

Acaricidal

A

Kills acarids

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8
Q

Insect

A

-Fleas
-Lice
3 pairs of legs
3 body parts

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9
Q

Insectacidal

A

Kills insects

  • fleas
  • lice
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10
Q

Ectoparasiticides kill by

A

— CNS activity - causing paralysis and death

— influencing and inhibiting growth and development

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11
Q

Anthelmentics

A

— HELMINTHS —

To kill or expell worms

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12
Q

Antiprotozoal

A

— PROTOZOA —

Drugs that act against protozoa

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13
Q

Nematocides

A

— NEMATODES —

to kill or expell nematodes (round worms)

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14
Q

Cestocides

A

— CESTODES —

To kill or expell cestodes (tape worm)

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15
Q

Trematocides

A

Drugs that act against Flukes (parasitic flat worms)

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16
Q

ORGANOPHOSPHATES

A

Stays in the coat for a long time
Acts systematically if medication give orally, but levels only persist for 24 hours

eg. - diazinon
- dichlofenthion
- malathion

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17
Q

ORGANOCHLORIDES

A

Long duration of action
Toxiticity can occur - presents as CNS stimulation
eg. - DDT
- lindane

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18
Q

CARBAMATES

A

Stays in the coat for a long time
Acts systematically if medication give orally, but levels only persist for 24 hours

Similar to organophosphates

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19
Q

HOW DO ORGANOPHOSPHATES and CARBAMATES WORK?

A

Block the action of acetylcholinesterase (stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system)

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20
Q

HOW DO ORGANOCHLORIDES WORK?

A

general Centra nervous system stimulatants

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21
Q

SIDE EFFECTS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES, CARBAMATES and ORGANOCHLORIDES

A
  • salivation
  • lacrimation
  • urinination
  • dyspnoea due to broncho constriction and increased respitory secretions
  • GIT; increased motility - defecation
  • Emesis - vomiting
  • Bradycardia
  • Miosis - Mydrasis
    Muscle tremours, shaking, ataxia, paralysis
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22
Q

TREATMENT FOR INTOXICATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES, CARBAMATES and ORGANOCHLORIDES

A

remove the insecticide and block the parasympathetic nervous effects of the drug.
Atropine can help with ORGANOPHOSPHATES and CARBAMATE toxicity

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23
Q

WHY ARE ORGANOPHOSPHATES, CARBAMATES and ORGANOCHLORIDES DECLINING IN POPULARITY

A
  • -Resistance
  • -Side effects
  • -Toxicity
  • -Toxic to environment and animals
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24
Q

Pyrethin

A

– found in shamppos, collars and sprays

    • pyrethrin is made from extracts of chrsanthemum flowers
    • pyrethroid - synthetic version

– synthetic pyrethroids have a good repellent effects

– neurotoxins

Lipophilic, act as contact insecticides

– High margin on saftey

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25
Pyrethin - how does it work?
Causes extending firing of nerves and muscluar spasm | rapid spasm will then cause paralysis and death of parasites
26
Pyrethin - uses?
flea and tick infestations
27
Pyrethin - side effects and contraindicatins
``` PERMETHRIN can be toxic to cats if a dog preperation is used PYRETHROIDS are toxic to cats Fish can absorb through their skin and will be fatal Signs of toxicity include: - salivation - vomiting - tremors - seizures ```
28
AMITRAZ
Diamide insectacide - first effective agent afainst demodectic mange in dogs eg - aludex
29
AMITRAZ - action
Increased nervous activity
30
AMITRAZ - uses
Treatment of demodectic mange treatment of sarcoptic mange effective against ticks
31
AMITRAZ - side effects and contraindications
- wear gloves when handling - CNS depression - poor thermoregulation - NOT TO BE USED IN CATS - Pruritus after treatment (foreign body reaction to dead mites) - toxic if ingested - Atipamexole can be used to reverse sedative side effects of toxicity
32
Phenylpyrazole - fipronil
Synthetic molecule potent insecticidal and acaricidal properties FRONTLINE
33
Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - preperations
Topical spray Spot on POM-V NFA - VPS AVM - GSL
34
Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - action
Blocks nervous system | Paralysis and death of fleas
35
Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - uses
Adults fleas | Effective against ticks
36
Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - side effects and contraindications
- - NOT TO BE USED ON RABBITS - highly toxic to some fish - alcohol is spray preperations can cause salivation - gloves should be worn when applying this product
37
Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid
ADVANTADG
38
Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid - uses
Flea control in dogs cats and rabbits
39
Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid - action
Block nerve receptors - paralysis of parasites
40
Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid - Side effects and contraindications
Salivation is licked or ingested
41
Nitenpyram
Capstar - AVM - GSL
42
Nitenpyram - action
Blocks nerve recepetors causes hyperexcitability and death Very rapid action 100% flea death in 3-4 hours
43
Nitenpyram - excretion
Rapid excretion from animal - mostly in urine
44
Nitenpyram - uses
Flea infestation
45
Nitenpyram - side effects and contraindications
No serious side effects | Animals may scratch after administration
46
Macrocylic Lactones
IVERMECTIN
47
Macrocylic Lactones - action
Paralysis of parasite
48
Macrocylic Lactones - uses
Used against broad range of Ecto and Endo in cats reptiles and small mammals Spot on avalibale for rabbits ferrets and guinea pigs
49
Macrocylic Lactones - Side effects
Ivomec inj, not lisence for dogs, can be toxic to CNS (collies) can causer paralysis in chelonians
50
Selamectin
STRONG HOLD
51
Selamectin - action
insect paralysis - death
52
Selamectin - uses
``` Intestinal parasites heart worm mites ticks fleas ```
53
Selamectin - side effects and contra indications
- - not on young animals | - - not on sick or underweight animals
54
Spinosad
COMFORTIS
55
Spinosad - action
overstimulation offleas nervous system
56
Spinosad - uses
flea infestation
57
Spinosad - side effects and contra indications
not to be used on pregant or nursing bitches | can potentiate effects of ivermectin
58
Metaflumizone
PROMERIS DUO AND PROMERIS
59
Metaflumizone - action
paralysis of isects
60
Metaflumizone - uses
flea infestation
61
Metaflumizone side effects and contraindications
not recommmended for kittens and puppies <8weeks
62
Fenbendazole
PANACUR | broad spectrum anthelmintic
63
Fenbendazole - preperation
Granules suspension paste NFA - VPS
64
Fenbendazole - action
``` Ascarids hook worms whipworms some tape worm giardia (protozoa) Larval stages ```
65
Fenbendazole - action
Damages transport function /energy metabolism of cells in parasites
66
Fenbendazole - contra indications
intoxication is pigeons and doves and some reptiles
67
Febantel
- DRONTAL PLUS
68
Febantel - actions
interferes with energy metabolism in developmental stages of worms
69
Febantel - preperations
oral form, mixed woth praziquantel and pyrantel | NFA - VPS / AVM - GSL
70
Febantel - side effects and contraindications
Synergistic effects when used with pyrantel | reduced effect when used with piperazine
71
Praziquantel
``` DRONCIT PROFENDER MILBEMAX DRONTAL PLUS BROADLINE ```
72
Praziquantel - treats
Wide range of cestodes
73
Praziquantel - action
Causes worm to disintergate by reducing its resistance to digestion by the animal
74
Praziquantel - side effects and contraindications
can cause V+/D+ | Tissue sensitivity at injection site
75
Milbemycin
POM-V effective against meatodes and mites | - MILBEMAX
76
Moxidectin
Effective against worms and mites POMV POM - VPS in horses Advocate
77
Emodepide
Effective against a number of gastrointestinal nematodes Licensed against for use in cats relatively new class on anthelmentic Within PROFENDER
78
Levamisole
Causes muscular paralysis by interfering with carbohydrate metabolism. Paralyses worm and allows expulsion signs of toxicity include salivation, defecation and respiratory distress
79
Pyrantel
DRONTAL CAT Broad spectrum anthelmentic Paralysis of worm Free of adverse effects
80
Piperazine
Heterocylic compound group Flaccid paraysis of parasite Large saftey margin can be used in young animals Large does can induce vomiting, diarrhoea, in coordination, head pressing in dogs and cats

NT - supporting supply of veterinary medicines (8 decks)

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