Anti-infectives Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
Narrow Spectrum of Activity
A
Effective against only a few microorganisms
2
Q
Broad spectrum of Activity
A
Treating a wide variety of infections
3
Q
Goal of anti-invectives
A
Make bacteria to a level where our immune system can fight the bacteria
4
Q
Bacterialstatic
A
Prevents reproduction
5
Q
Bacterialcidal
A
Kills bacteria
6
Q
Steps of anti-invectives (3)
A
- Culture
- Broad spectrum
- Narrow spectrum (once culture is completed)
7
Q
What causes resistance to anti-invectives?
A
Not completing the Rx
8
Q
Combination therapy
A
Is using 2 narrow spectrum anti-infectives (smaller dose) to create synergistic effects
9
Q
Side effects of anti-invectives (5)
A
- Kidney damage
- GI tract toxicity
- Neurotoxicity
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Superinfections
10
Q
What is typically ordered with anti-infective to prevent side-effects?
A
Either Probiotic or have the pt. eat yogurt
11
Q
Penicillin contraindications (3)
A
- Cross-sensitivity with cephalosporins
- Nephrotoxic
- Older adults (decreased kidney function)
12
Q
Penicillin side effects
A
-diarrhea associated with c.diff
13
Q
Penicillin drug-drug interactions
A
- Decrease effectiveness with erythromycin and tetracycline
- Decrease effects of oral contraceptives
14
Q
Penicillin examples (6)
A
- Penicillin G
- Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
- Naficillin
- Oxacillin
- Ampicillin
15
Q
Penicillin suffix
A
-cillin
16
Q
Beta-lactamase inhibitors indications/functions
A
-Used in conjunction with other broad spectrum antibiotics, making them more effective and extending the antimicrobiano effects
17
Q
Beta-lactamase inhibitor examples (3)
A
- clavulanic acid
- sulbactam
- tazobactam
18
Q
Cephalosporins drug-drug interactions (2)
A
- Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosdes and NSAIDs
- Increased risk of bleeding when used with anti-coagulation
19
Q
Examples of Cephalosporins (6)
A
- cephalexin (Keflex)
- cefaclor (Ceclor)
- cefuroxime (Zinacef)
- Cetriaxone (Rocephin)
- cefepim (Maxipime)
- cefolozane (Zerbaxa)
20
Q
Macrolides Contraindication
A
Hepatotoxicity
21
Q
Macrolides drug-drug interactions
A
Increased levels of digoxin and anticoagulants
22
Q
Macrolides examples
A
- Erythromycin(Eryc)
- azithromycin (Zithromax)
- clarithromycin (Biaxin)
23
Q
Macrolides suffix
A
-mycin
24
Q
Lincosamides and what compared to Macrolides?
A
More toxic
25
Lincosamides side effects
Psudomembranos colitis
26
Lincosamides example
Clindamycin(Clecin)
27
Tetracycline is a part of what treatment protocol?
H. Pylori
28
Tetracyclines are not used in what demographic of patient? (2)
- Last trimester
| - Young children
29
Tetracycline side effects (2)
- Damage to bone and teeth
| - Photosensitivity
30
Tetracycline drug-drug interactions (3)
- Decrease oral contraceptive therapy
- Increase digoxin
- Increase warfarin levels
31
Tetracycline Examples (3)
- doxycycline
- tigecyline (Tygacil)
- tetracycline
32
Tetracycline suffix
-cycline
33
Aminoglycosides indication
Treatment of serious infection
34
Aminoglycosides are given how
IM or IV
35
What lab tests are essential for Aminoglycosides (2)
- BUN
| - Creat.
36
Aminoglycoside Examples (5)
- amikacin (Amikin)
- gentamicin (Garamycin)
- neomycin
- streptomycin
- tobramycin (Nebcin, Tobrex)
37
Cabapenems is used for what?
Treatment of serious abdominal, UTI, and gyne infections
38
Carbapenems drug-drug interaction
Decreases Valproic acid levels, which can lead to increased seizure activity
39
Cephalosporins Examples (6)
- cephalexin (Keflex)
- cefaclor (Ceclor)
- cefuroxime (Zinacef)
- cefriaxone (Rocephin)
- cefepime (Maxipime)
- cefolozane/tazobactam (Zerbaxa)
40
Macrolides are not good for what patients
Patients with liver disease
41
Macrolides drug-drug interactions
Increased levels of digoxin and anticoagulants
42
Macrolides suffix
-mycin
43
Macrolides examples (3)
- erythromycin (Erye)
- azithromycin (Zithromax)
- clarithromycin (Biaxin)
44
Lincosamides indications (4)
- Skin infections
- MRSA
- Gyne infections
- Abdominal infections
45
Lincosamides examples
clindamycin (Cleocin)
46
Lincosamides side effects
Psudomembranous colitis
47
Tetracyclines prevents what?
Cell replication
48
Tetracyclines is a part of what protocol?
H. Pylori
49
Tetracycline suffix
-cycline
50
Tetracycline side effects (2)
- Damage to bones and teeth
| - Increased photosensitivity
51
Tetracycline drug-drug interactions (2)
- Decrease oral contraceptive therapy
| - Increase digoxin and warfarin responsiveness
52
Tetracycline examples (3)
- Doxycycline
- tigecyline (Tygacil)
- tetracycline
53
Fluoroquinolons what what type of spectrum
Broad spectrum
54
Fluoroquinolones prevent what?
Cell reproduction
55
Fluoroquinolones drug-drug interactions (2)
Increases actions of theophylline and warfarin
56
Fluoroquinolones examples (2)
- ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
| - levofloxacin (Levaquin)
57
Sulfonamides interactions (3)
- Otitis media
- UTI
- Meningitis
58
Sulfonamides are 90% effective against what?
E. Coli
59
Sulfonamides have what interaction when paired with sulfonylureas?
Increased the risk for hypoglycemia
60
Sulfonamides are teratogenic, true or false?
True
61
Sulfonamides example
Timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Septra, Bactrim)
62
Metronidazole (Flagyl) side effects (2)
- Avoid alcohol
| - Dark urine or reddish brown
63
What patients are susceptible to fungal infections (3)
- AIDS patients
- Patient taking immunosuppressant drugs
- Patients who have had organ transplantation or going through cancer treatment
64
Amphotericin B is used to treat what?
Severe fungal infections
65
Amphotericin B has side effects with what systems?
All of them
66
Nursing interventions for Amphotericin B
- Give IV slowly
- Monitor vital signs every 30 minutes
- Prevent febril reactions and anaphylaxis
- Increase fluids
- Monitor I/O
- Monitor electrolytes, renal, and liver function
67
Nystatin (Mycostatin) can be given in what ways? (2)
- Oral
| - Topical
68
Nystatin (Mycostatin) uses what when it comes to oral administration
Swish and swallow
69
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) works similar to what drug?
Amphotericin B
70
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) blocks what
Human steroids including testosterone and cortisol
71
Voriconazole indications
Serious skin, abdomen, and wound infections
72
Voriconazole contraindication
Patients with liver issues
73
Voriconazole side effects (3)
- Rash
- Visual disturbances
- Pancreatitis
74
Voriconazole needs what
Loading dose
75
Fluconazole (Diflucan) indication
Used to treat candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and other systemic fungal infections
76
Fluconazole can be used prophylacticly, true or fase?
True
77
Contraindications for Systemic Antifungal Agents (3)
- Patnts with renal or liver disease
- CNS effects
- GI effects
78
Topical antifungal agent examples (3)
-clotrimazole (Myclex, Lotrimin)
-Miconazole (Monistat)
terbinafine (Lamisil)
79
Viruses need what to live?
Host cell
80
Goal of antiviral therapy
Reduce viral load
81
What viruses respond to antiviral therapy (3)
- Influenza A
- Herpes
- HIV
82
Goal of cancer treatment
Destroy cancer cells
83
CCNS stands for
Cell Cycle Non-Specific
