GI Meds Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
What do histamine-2 antagonists do? (2)
A
- Selectively block histamine-2 receptor sites
- Stops gastric acid production
2
Q
Indications of histamine-2 antagonists (4)
A
- Ulcer treatment
- Prophylaxis of stress-induced ulcers
- GERD treatment
- Relief of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach
3
Q
Side Effects of Histamine-2 antagonists (3)
A
- Palpitations
- Gynecomastia w/ cimetidine
- Erectile dysfunction
4
Q
Suffix for histamine-2 antagonists
A
-tidine
5
Q
Proton Pump Inhibitors does what?
A
Percent the final step of acid production
6
Q
Short-term indications of proton pump inhibitors (4)
A
- Active duodenal ulcers
- GERD
- Erosive esophagitis
- Gastric disease
7
Q
Long-term indications of Proton Pump Inhibitors
A
Treatment of pathological hyper secretory conditions
8
Q
CNS Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (5)
A
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Vertigo
- Insomnia
- Apathy
9
Q
GI effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors
A
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
10
Q
What do Proton Pump Inhibitors do to Vitamin B12?
A
Decrease the ability to absorb it
11
Q
Proton Pump Inhibitors suffix
A
-razole
12
Q
Antacid function
A
Neutralize stomach acid
13
Q
Antacid Indications
A
-Symptomatic relief f upset stomach associated with hyper acidity as well as hyperactivity
14
Q
Examples of antacids (3)
A
- Aluminum salts
- Calcium salts
- Magnesium salts
15
Q
Antacid side effects (7)
A
- Acid-base levels and electrolytes
- Rebound acidity
- Alkalosis
- Hypercalcemia
- Constipation/diarrhea
- Hyperphosphatemia
16
Q
Pepsin Inhibitor function
A
Forms ulcer adherent complex at ulcer site to protect from acid, pepsin, and bile salts
17
Q
Pepsin Inhibitor Indicaiton
A
Promote ulcer healing
18
Q
Example of Pepsin Inhibitor
A
sucralfate (Carafate)
19
Q
Pepsin Inhibitor Side Effects
A
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Indigestion
- Gastric discomfort
- Dry mouth
20
Q
What should you do with Pepsin Inhibitors to reduce the side effect of constipation?
A
Increase fluids
21
Q
Prstaglandins do what?
A
Inhibit gastric acid secretion and increases cytoprotective mucous production
22
Q
Prostaglandin Indication (2)
A
- Prevention of NSAID induced gastric ulcers
- Treatment of duodenal ulcers
23
Q
Contraindications for Prostaglandins
A
Pregnancy => may cause miscarriage
24
Q
Prostaglandin side effects (7)
A
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Flatulence
- Vomiting
- Dyspepsia
- Constipation
25
Example of Prostaglandin
Misoprostol (cytotec)
26
Saliva supplement does what?
A thickening agent to reduce dry mouth conditions
27
Saliva supplement indications (3)
- Stroke
- Salivary gland disorder
- Head and neck surgery (cancer)
28
Saliva supplement example
Saliva substitute (salivart)
29
Pancreatic Enzyme Supplement does what?
Replacement of enzymes that help the digestion and absorption of fats, protein, carbohydrates
30
Pancreatic enzyme supplement indications (3)
- Common duct problems
- Pancreatic disease
- Cystic fibrosis
31
Pancreatic enzyme supplement example
Pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Zenpep)
32
Laxatives work in what three ways?
1. Direct chemical stimulation of the GI tract
2. Production of bulk or increased fluid in the lumen
3. Lubrication of the intestinal bolus to promote passage through the GI tract
33
Laxative indications (4)
- Short-term relief of constipation
- Prevent straining
- Evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures
- Removal of ingested poisons
34
Laxative GI side effects (3)
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal cramping
- Nausea
35
Laxative CV side effects (4)
- Sweating
- Palpitations
- Flushing
- Fainting
36
Laxatives can interfere with what in regards to other medications
The timing or process of absorption of other meds
37
Types of laxatives (4)
1. Osmotic laxatives
2. Chemical stimulants
3. Bulk stimulants
4. Lubricant
38
Osmotic laxatives does what?
Pulls water into colon to increase bulk and promotes peristalsis
39
Chemical stimulants do what?
Chemically irritate the lining of the GI tract
40
Bulk stimulants does what?
Cause the fecal matter to increase in bulk
41
Lubricants does what?
Help the intestinal contents move more smoothly
42
Examples of Osmotic laxatives (3)
- phospho-soda, polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
| - lactulose (Cronulac)
43
Examples of Chemical Stimulants (4)
- cascara (Generic)
- senna (senokot)
- castor oil (Neoloid)
- Biscodyl (dulcolax)
44
Examples of Bulk Stimulants (2)
- Polycarbophil (FiberCon)
| - Psyllium (metamucil)
45
Examples of lubricating laxatives (3)
- docusate (Colace)
- glycerin (sani-supp)
- Mineral oil (agoral plain)
46
Anti-diarrheal drugs do what?
Slow gastric motility
47
Anti-diarrheal drugs indications
-Relief of symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea
48
Types of anti-diarrheal drugs (2)
1. Opiate/opiate-related
| 2. Absorbents
49
Opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal drugs does what?
-Decrease intestinal motility/peristalsis
50
Do not take what with opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal drugs
Alcohol or sedatives
51
Examples of opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal (2)
- diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil
| - loperamide (Imodium)
52
Adsorbents do what?
Coat wall of GI tract and absorbing the bacteria or toxins hat are causing the diarrhea
53
Example of absorbents
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)
54
Emetics do what?
-Cause vomiting
55
Antiemetics do what?
Decrease or prevent nausea and vomiting
56
Phenothiazines do what?
Inhibit CTZ in the CNS
57
Phenothiazine indications
Treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with…
1. Surgery
2. Anestesia
3. Chemo
58
Phenothiazine suffix
-zine
59
Phenothiazine examples (3)
- chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- Prochlorperazine (companzine)
- Promethazine (phenergan)
60
Nonphenothiazines doe what?
Reduce responsiveness of the nerve cells in the CTZ to circulating chemicals that induce vomiting
61
Nonphenothiazine indications
Prevent nausea and vomiting
62
Nonphenothiazine example
Metochlorpramide (Reglan)
63
Nonphenothiazine side effects (3)
- Drowsiness
- Restlessness
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
64
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (3)
- Muscle rigidity
- Tremors
- Difficulty walking
65
Anticholinergic/antihistamines do what?
Block impulses to the CTZ
66
Indications for Anticholinergic/antihistamines
Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness
67
Anticholinergic/antihistamine side effects (4)
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Dry mouth
- Anorexia
68
Examples of Anticholinergic/antihistamines (3)
- mexlizine (Antivert)
- Hydroxzine (Vistaril)
- scopolamine
69
Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Blockers do what
-Block receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in the CTZ and locally
70
Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor blocker indications
Control of nausea and vomiting
71
Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Blocker examples
- granisetron (Kytrill)
| - ondansetron (Zofran)
72
Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists do what?
Act directly in the CNS to block receptors associated with nausea ad vomiting
73
Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist side effects (6)
- Anorexia
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Liver enzyme elevation
- Dehydration
74
Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist example
Aprepitant (Emend)
