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Foundations 2 > anti-inflammatory drugs > Flashcards

anti-inflammatory drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Calecoxib

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor

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2
Q

Valdecoxib

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor

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3
Q

Etoricoxib

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor

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4
Q

Nabumetone

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor in lower dosage

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5
Q

Meloxicam

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor in lower dosage, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, osteorthritis

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6
Q

Etodilac

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor in lower dosage

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7
Q

Asprin

A

(irreversibly binds to COX1) higher dosage non selective

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8
Q

Ibuprofen

A

higher dosage non selective to COX1 or COX2

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9
Q

Indomethacin

A

higher dosage non selective to COX1 or COX2

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10
Q

Naproxen

A

higher dosage non selective to COX1 or COX2

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11
Q

Diclofenac

A

higher dosage non selective to COX1 or COX2

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12
Q

NSAIDs CNS effect

A

Headache and tinnitus

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13
Q

NSAIDs Cardiovascular effect

A

Fluid rentention, hypertension

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14
Q

NSAIDs Hematologic effect

A

Rare thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

NSAIDs Hepatic effect

A

Abnormal liver function test

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16
Q

NSAIDs Rashes

A

all types

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17
Q

NSAIDs Renal effect

A

chronic analgesic nephropathy

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18
Q

Asprin overdose Sx

A

Hyperventilation, CNS depression of respiration, bleeding time increase

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19
Q

In Kids due to Asprin usage due to viral infection

A

Reye’s syndrome

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20
Q

Sx: Acute encephalophathy and fatty liver failure, seen in children after viral infection, nausea, vomiting, change in mental status

A

Reye’s syndrome

21
Q

When can you use Aspirin in children ?

A

Kawasaki Diseases

22
Q

Low dosage of Asprin (<300 mg)

A

Decrease platelet aggregation

23
Q

Medium dosage of Aspirin (300- 2400 mg)

A

antipyretic and analgesic

24
Q

(2400 -4000 mg) Asprin (large)

A

anti-inflammatory

25
Q

COX2 inhibitors are used for:

A

rheumatoid artheritis and other inflammation disease

26
Q

When is COX2 inhibitors preferred to be used?

A

Patients with history of gastritis or ulcers as COX1 inhibition is less.

27
Q

COX-2 inibits production of PGI2 so:

A

unopposed effect of TxA2, increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, so edema and hypertension

28
Q

Rofecoxib

A

most prescribed selective cox2 inhibitor, Vioxx, ceoxx, ceeoxx,

29
Q

Adverse effect of celecoxib

A

increased risk of thrombosis, sulfa-allergy

30
Q

Acetaminophen

A

analgesic, antipyretic, used for mild and moderate pain

31
Q

What is preferred for children with viral infection?

A

Acetaminophen

32
Q

Adverse reaction of acetaminophen?

A

increase of hepatic enzymes (hepatotoxicity with centrilobular necrosis),

33
Q

Adverse dose of Acetaminophen

A

15 g

34
Q

Antidote for Acetaminophen toxicity

A

N-acetylcysteine–regenerates glutathione-start within 8-10 hrs, liver transplant may be required.

35
Q

What happens to APAP?

A

Oxidized to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (highly electrophilic), accumulates and adducts with macromolecular systems and cell function

36
Q

How does APAP work?

A

weak COX1 and 2 inactivated peripherally tissues

37
Q

What does APAP toxicity work?

A

hepatic necorsis, APAP metabolites depletes glutathione and form toxic tissues

38
Q

What is glucocorticoids?

A

anti-inflammatory drugs used for Addison’s disease and asthma, have powerful immunosuppresent actions as well

39
Q

Prednisone

A

glucocorticoids

40
Q

Cortisone

A

glucocorticoids

41
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

glucocorticoids

42
Q

How does glucocorticoids work?

A

inhibits PLA2, which suppresses cox-2 syn, so decrease leukotrines and prostaglandin, and upregulates anit-inflamm protein in gene and protein level

43
Q

Toxicity of glucocorticoids?

A

adrenal insufficiency and Cushing’s syndrome (osteoporesis due to demineralization)

44
Q

Sx: buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, thin, osteoporsis, adrenocortical atrophy, peptic ulcer, diabetes

A

Latrogenic Cushing’s syndrome

45
Q

What happens when you stop glucocorticoids after using a long time?

A

Adrenal insufficiency

46
Q

What is the first choice to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

A

DMARDS: Methotrexate (MTX)

47
Q

MTX toxicity

A

myelosuppression (reversible with leucovorin), fatty liver, mucositis, teratogenic (bad pregnancy)

48
Q

When is MTX used?

A

Cancers (leukemias, lymphomas, choriocarcinoma, sarcomas), nonneoplastic (abortion, ectopic preg, rheumatoid arthritis)

Foundations 2 (15 decks)

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