hallmarks of cancer

Question 1

how can proto-oncogene convert to cancer?

Answer 1

mut in coding seq, gene amplication, chromosone rearrangement

Question 2

multiple copy number of gene caused by

Answer 2

unequal crossing over, replication slippage, aneuploidy

Question 3

normal diff but increased proliferation of cell

Answer 3

chronic leukemia

Question 4

abnormal in both diff and proliferation

Answer 4

acute leukemia

Question 5

Tr(9,22) , ABL and BCR translocation, GOF of tyrosine kinase

Answer 5

Chronic Myeloid leukemia

Question 6

Short phlledelphia chromosome

Answer 6

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Question 7

Standard phlledelphia chromosome

Answer 7

Chronic Myeloid leukemia

Question 8

long phlledelphia chromosome

Answer 8

Chronic neutrophil leukemia

Question 9

Types of changes of GDNF family (glial derived neurotrophic factor) in RTK (RET)

Answer 9

germline GOF mut., somatic fusion gene, germline or somatic LOF

Question 10

MEN2A is associated with (GOF in RET)

Answer 10

medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism (HPT)

Question 11

MEN2B is assciated with

Answer 11

earlier age of onset of 2A: developmental abnormalities, neuromas of mouse and increased intestinal innervation