Anti-Microbial Agents

Question 1

Gram stained gram+ color

Answer 1

purple

Question 2

Gram stained gram- color

Answer 2

pinkish

Question 3

bacteriostatic agents…

Answer 3

prevent growth

Question 4

bactericidal agents

Answer 4

kill

Question 5

4 classes of antibiotics

Answer 5

1. cell wall synthesis inhibitors
2. protein synthesis inhibitors
3. folic acid synthesis inhibitors
4. DNA synthesis inhibitors

Question 6

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 6

Beta-lactam antibiotics
cephalosporins
other drugs

Question 7

protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 7

Tetracyclines
macrolides
other drugs

Question 8

folic acid synthesis inhibitors

Answer 8

sulfonamides

trimethoprim

Question 9

DNA synthesis inhibitors

Answer 9

quinolones

Question 10

principle of antibiotic therapy

Answer 10

harm the parasite, not the host

Question 11

Penicillins are

Answer 11

beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 12

Penicillins inhibit bacteria by

Answer 12

impeding cell wall synthesis

Question 13

Penicillins are unstable

Answer 13

in acidic pH

Question 14

Penicillin is the drug of choice for infections caused by

Answer 14

streptococcus
meningococcus
anthrax
clostridium
etc

Question 15

Hypersensitivity to penicillin can lead to

Answer 15

anaphylactic shock

Question 16

semi-synthetic penicillins

Answer 16

ampicillin
amoxicillin
methicillin

Question 17

penicillins are administered

Answer 17

oral or IM - never IV!

Question 18

penicillins are susceptible to destruction by

Answer 18

beta-lactamase (penicillase)

Question 19

cephalosporins are similar to penicillins in what way(s)

Answer 19

chemically
mechanism of action
toxicity

Question 20

Cephalosporins are _________ ___________ compared to penicillins

Answer 20

broader spectrum

Question 21

Cephalosporin generations 1 & 2 are for

Answer 21

gram+

Question 22

Cephalosporin generations 3 & 4 are for

Answer 22

gram- (cross BBB)

Question 23

Side effects of antibiotics are more likely if you…

Answer 23

use multiple antibiotics together

Question 24

Other beta lactams, beta-lactamase inhibitors and cell-wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 24

clavulonic acid
carbapenems
vancomycin
bacitracin

Question 25

How tetracycline works

Answer 25

accumulates inside bacterial cell & binds to ribosomes, impeding formation of new protein

Question 26

Tetracyclines should be avoided for

Answer 26

young horses or pregnant mares

Question 27

Tetracyclines can't be ingested with

Answer 27

calcium

Question 28

Tetracyclines work on

Answer 28

gram+, gram-, reckettsia, anaerobes, protozoa, etc. (broad spectrum)

Question 29

Macrolides

Answer 29

erythromycin clarithromycin azythromycin

Question 30

Macrolides can cause

Answer 30

diarrhea light sensitivity fever

Question 31

Macrolides are not to be used in horses

Answer 31

over a year old

Question 32

Macrolides are used in conjunction with _________ to treat _____________

Answer 32

Rimfampin | Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals

Question 33

Other protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 33

``` aminiglycosides streptomycin neomycin gentamicin amikacin trobramycin ```

Question 34

They are used against ______ bacteria

Answer 34

enteric

Question 35

Triple antibiotic ointment contains

Answer 35

bacitracin neomycin polymyxin b

Question 36

protein synthesis inhibitors are extremely

Answer 36

ototoxic and nephrotoxic (ear, kidney)

Question 37

sulfonamides (sulfas) reversibly block

Answer 37

folic acid synthesis

Question 38

Sulfas are bacteri_______

Answer 38

-ostatic

Question 39

bacteriostatic drugs stop

Answer 39

multiplication

Question 40

PABA

Answer 40

para-aminobenzoic acid - some microorganisms require it to form folic acid - for nucleic acid synthesis

Question 41

Trimethoprim is used in conjunction with

Answer 41

SMZ (sulfamethoxazole)

Question 42

sulfa+trimethoprim =

Answer 42

bactericidal

Question 43

Fluoroquinolones: floxacins are _________ _________

Answer 43

broad spectrum

Question 44

floxacins are useful against

Answer 44

E coli, great for gram-, newer also good for gram+