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antianginal Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is angina?
    A) A type of heart attack
    B) Chest pain due to insufficient oxygen-rich blood supply to the heart muscle
    C) A neurological disorder
    D) A gastrointestinal condition
A

B) Chest pain due to insufficient oxygen-rich blood supply to the heart muscle

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a type of angina?
    A) Stable angina
    B) Variant angina
    C) Atypical angina
    D) Unstable angina
A

D) Unstable angina

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3
Q
  1. What is the characteristic symptom of stable angina?
    A) Occurs unpredictably during rest
    B) Lasts longer than 30 minutes
    C) Can be relieved with rest or medication
    D) Presents as sharp, stabbing pain
A

C) Can be relieved with rest or medication

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4
Q

True or False:
4. Ischemic heart disease refers to poor blood supply to the heart muscle.

A

t

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5
Q
  1. Unstable angina is less serious than stable angina.
A

f

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6
Q
  1. Women are less likely to experience atypical symptoms of angina compared to men.
A

f

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7
Q

sapa
7. Symptoms of angina may include:
A) Chest pain spreading to the left arm
B) Feeling of persistent indigestion
C) Numbness in legs
D) Pain in the right side of the chest

A

A) Chest pain spreading to the left arm, B) Feeling of persistent indigestion

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8
Q
  1. Which drugs are used for the treatment of angina?
    A) Antibiotics
    B) Nitrates and nitrites
    C) Antipsychotics
    D) Anticoagulants
A

B) Nitrates and nitrites

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9
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of stable angina?
A) No predictable pattern
B) Lasts longer than 30 minutes
C) Occurs during rest
D) Can be relieved with rest or medication

A

D) Can be relieved with rest or medication

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10
Q

Unstable angina is more likely to occur:
A) During exercise
B) While sleeping or resting
C) After a heavy meal
D) During meditation sessions

A

B) While sleeping or resting

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11
Q

t or f
Ischemia refers to poor blood supply to an organ.

A

t

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12
Q

Microvascular angina is a type of unstable angina.

A

f

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13
Q

sata
Which of the following are symptoms of angina?
A) Nausea
B) Pain radiating to the back
C) Feeling of tightness in the chest
D) Tingling sensation in the legs

A

A) Nausea, B) Pain radiating to the back, C) Feeling of tightness in the chest

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14
Q

sata
Therapeutic objectives for treating angina include:
A) Increasing the frequency of attacks
B) Decreasing the duration of anginal pain
C) Minimizing the intensity of anginal pain
D) Promoting sedentary lifestyle

A

B) Decreasing the duration of anginal pain, C) Minimizing the intensity of anginal pain

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15
Q

Which type of angina is often a sign of an impending heart attack?
Stable angina
Variant angina
Atypical angina
Unstable angina

A

unstable

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16
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of nitrates and nitrites in treating angina?
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
Anti-inflammatory effects
Platelet aggregation inhibition

A

vasodilation

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17
Q

What is the recommended course of action for unstable angina?
Rest and relaxation
Immediate medical attention and treatment
Consumption of high-fat foods
Prolonged physical exertion

A

immediate medical attention and treatment

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18
Q

t or f

Microvascular angina is characterized by poor blood supply to the heart muscle.

A

f

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19
Q

t/f
Stable angina typically occurs during rest

A

f

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20
Q

t/f
Calcium channel blockers are not used in the treatment of angina.

A

f

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21
Q

sata
What are potential symptoms of angina in women?
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Sharp, stabbing chest pain
Pain radiating to the left arm

A

nausea, SOB

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22
Q

Which drug is considered the prototypical nitrate used in the symptomatic treatment of ischemic heart conditions such as angina?
A) Isosorbide dinitrate
B) Nitroglycerin
C) Isosorbide mononitrate
D) Nadolol

A

nitroglycerin

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23
Q

What is the main mechanism of action of nitrates and nitrites in the treatment of angina?
A) Inhibition of platelet aggregation
B) Enhancement of myocardial contractility
C) Promotion of vasodilation
D) Reduction of heart rate

A

c) Promotion of vasodilation

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24
Q

What is the primary adverse effect associated with nitroglycerin?
A) Constipation
B) Reflex tachycardia
C) Insomnia
D) Hyperglycemia

A

B) Reflex tachycardia

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25
Q

t/f
Long-acting nitrates are typically used to treat acute anginal attacks.

A

f

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26
Q

Tolerance to nitrates may develop with prolonged use.

A

t

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27
Q

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients using sildenafil citrate (Viagra®).

A

t

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28
Q

sata
Which of the following are forms of nitrates and nitrites used in the treatment of angina?
A) Chewable tablets
B) Transdermal patches
C) Oral capsules/tablets
D) Intramuscular injections

A

A) Chewable tablets, B) Transdermal patches, C) Oral capsules/tablets

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29
Q

sata
What are potential adverse effects associated with ß-blockers used in the treatment of angina?
A) Headaches
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Postural hypotension
D) Bronchoconstriction

A

A) Headaches, B) Hyperglycemia, D) Bronchoconstriction

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30
Q

Which of the following drugs is classified as an organic nitrate?
A) Atenolol
B) Isosorbide mononitrate
C) Propranolol hydrochloride
D) Nadolol

A

B) Isosorbide mononitrate

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31
Q

What is the primary therapeutic objective of using nitrates and nitrites in angina treatment?
A) Increasing myocardial oxygen demand
B) Reducing blood flow to ischemic myocardium
C) Enhancing platelet aggregation
D) Promoting blood flow to ischemic myocardium

A

D) Promoting blood flow to ischemic myocardium

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32
Q

Which of the following is a potential strategy to prevent tolerance development in patients using nitrates?
A) Using long-acting forms exclusively
B) Allowing regular nitrate-free periods
C) Increasing the dose gradually over time
D) Using nitrates in combination with calcium channel blockers

A

B) Allowing regular nitrate-free periods

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33
Q

t/f
Isosorbide dinitrate is available in rapid-acting sublingual tablets only.

A

f

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34
Q

ß-blockers are not commonly used in the treatment of angina

A

f

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35
Q

Nitrates are contraindicated in patients with severe head injury.

A

t

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36
Q

sata
What are potential forms of rapid-acting nitrates?
A) Sublingual tablets
B) Transdermal patches
C) Intravenous infusion
D) Oral capsules

A

A) Sublingual tablets, C) Intravenous infusion

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37
Q

Which of the following drugs are classified as antianginal ß-blockers? sata
A) Atenolol
B) Metoprolol
C) Isosorbide dinitrate
D) Nadolol

A

A) Atenolol, B) Metoprolol

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38
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of ß-blockers in the treatment of angina?
A) Vasodilation
B) Increased heart rate
C) Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity
D) Enhanced platelet aggregation

A

C) Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity

39
Q

Which of the following drugs is a prototypical nitrate used in the treatment of angina?
A) Atenolol
B) Isosorbide dinitrate
C) Metoprolol
D) Propranolol hydrochloride

A

B) Isosorbide dinitrate

40
Q

What is the primary route of administration for nitroglycerin during acute anginal attacks?
A) Oral capsules
B) Intramuscular injection
C) Sublingual administration
D) Transdermal patch

A

C) Sublingual administration

or a nitroglycerin spray

41
Q

t/f
ß-blockers may lead to bronchoconstriction, especially in patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions.

A

t

42
Q

t/f
Isosorbide mononitrate is primarily used as a rapid-acting nitrate.

A

f

43
Q

t/f
Tolerance to nitrates cannot be prevented.

A

f

44
Q

sata
Which adverse effects are commonly associated with the use of nitrates?
A) Headaches
B) Reflex tachycardia
C) Constipation
D) Postural hypotension

A

A) Headaches, B) Reflex tachycardia, D) Postural hypotension

45
Q

What are potential therapeutic uses of nitroglycerin beyond the treatment of angina?
A) Control of blood pressure in perioperative hypertension
B) Treatment of heart failure
C) Management of pulmonary edema associated with acute myocardial infarction
D) Relief of hypertensive emergencies

A

A) Control of blood pressure in perioperative hypertension, C) Management of pulmonary edema associated with acute myocardial infarction

46
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of β-blockers in the treatment of angina?
A) Vasodilation
B) Increased heart rate
C) Blockade of β1-receptors on the heart
D) Enhancement of myocardial contractility

A

C) Blockade of β1-receptors on the heart

47
Q

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of β-blockers?
A) Hypertension
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Peripheral vascular disease
D) Migraine headaches

A

C) Peripheral vascular disease

48
Q

Which β-blocker is primarily indicated for the prophylactic treatment of angina pectoris?
A) Atenolol (Tenormin®)
B) Metoprolol tartrate (Lopresor®, Betaloc®)
C) Nadolol
D) Propranolol hydrochloride

A

A) Atenolol

49
Q

t/f
Calcium channel blockers primarily work by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand.

A

t

50
Q

Atenolol is not recommended for use after a myocardial infarction.

A

f

51
Q

t/f
Calcium channel blockers are contraindicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

A

t

52
Q

sata
Which of the following are common adverse effects associated with β-blockers?
A) Bradycardia
B) Hypertension
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Erectile dysfunction

A

A) Bradycardia, C) Hyperglycemia, D) Erectile dysfunction

53
Q

sata
What are potential indications for calcium channel blockers?
A) Migraine headaches
B) Raynaud’s disease
C) Hypertension
D) Peripheral vascular disease

A

A) Migraine headaches, B) Raynaud’s disease, C) Hypertension

54
Q

Which of the following is a common indication for calcium channel blockers?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Peripheral vascular disease
C) Raynaud’s disease
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

C) Raynaud’s disease

55
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of angina?
A) Blockade of β-receptors on the heart
B) Promotion of sympathetic nervous system activity
C) Vasodilation of coronary arteries
D) Inhibition of platelet aggregation

A

C) Vasodilation of coronary arteries

56
Q

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of calcium channel blockers?
A) Hypertension
B) Acute myocardial infarction
C) Migraine headaches
D) Peripheral neuropathy

A

B) Acute myocardial infarction

57
Q

t/f

Calcium channel blockers primarily reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate.

A

t

58
Q

t/f
Diltiazem hydrochloride is not effective for the treatment of angina pectoris.

A

f

59
Q

t/f
ß-blockers are contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma due to the risk of bronchoconstriction.

A

t

60
Q

sata
Which of the following are potential adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?
A) Hypotension
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Constipation
D) Palpitations

A

A) Hypotension, C) Constipation

61
Q

What are common indications for the use of ß-blockers? sata
A) Angina
B) Hypertension
C) Supraventricular tachycardia
D) Peripheral vascular disease

A

A) Angina, B) Hypertension, C) Supraventricular tachycardia

62
Q

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of ß-blockers?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Systolic heart failure
C) Serious conduction disturbances
D) Hypotension

A

B) Systolic heart failure

63
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of ß-blockers in reducing myocardial oxygen demand?
A) Promotion of sympathetic nervous system activity
B) Vasodilation of coronary arteries
C) Inhibition of platelet aggregation
D) Blockade of β1-receptors on the heart

A

D) Blockade of β1-receptors on the heart

64
Q

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with calcium channel blockers?
A) Bradycardia
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Hypotension
D) Erectile dysfunction

A

C) Hypotension

65
Q

t/f
ß-blockers are commonly indicated for the treatment of migraine headaches.

A

t

66
Q

Which of the following are indications for calcium channel blockers? sata
A) Supraventricular tachycardia
B) Coronary artery spasms (Prinzmetal angina)
C) Short-term management of atrial fibrillation and flutter
D) Severe anemia

A

A) Supraventricular tachycardia, B) Coronary artery spasms (Prinzmetal angina), C) Short-term management of atrial fibrillation and flutter

67
Q

What are potential adverse effects associated with ß-blockers? sata
A) Dizziness
B) Hypertension
C) Erectile dysfunction
D) Dyspnea

A

A) Dizziness, C) Erectile dysfunction

68
Q

What should nurses do before administering antianginal drugs?
A) Perform a complete physical examination
B) Obtain baseline vital signs
C) Conduct a psychological assessment
D) Administer the medication immediately

A

b

69
Q

What should nurses instruct patients regarding the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin for anginal pain?
A) Chew or swallow the sublingual form
B) Lie down if experiencing chest pain
C) Store medications in plastic bottles with cotton filler
D) Keep the sublingual medication under the tongue until it dissolves completely

A

b

70
Q

What should patients do if anginal pain occurs while taking sublingual nitroglycerin?
A) Take a second sublingual tablet if there is no relief in 15 minutes
B) Drive to the hospital immediately
C) Lie down to prevent or decrease dizziness and fainting
D) Ignore the pain and continue with daily activities

A

c

71
Q

How should patients monitor their pulse rates while taking ß-blockers?
A) Weekly monitoring
B) Monthly monitoring
C) Daily monitoring
D) No need for monitoring

A

c

72
Q

What should nurses instruct patients regarding calcium channel blockers to prevent constipation?
A) Limit fluid intake
B) Avoid high-fiber foods
C) Take calcium supplements
D) Take in adequate fluids and eat high-fiber foods

A

d

73
Q

What should nurses monitor for when patients are taking antianginal drugs?
A) Allergic reactions only
B) Relief of angina only
C) Adverse reactions and therapeutic effects
D) Blood pressure changes only

A

c

74
Q

What should nurses instruct patients regarding the administration of nitrate topical ointments and transdermal forms?
A) Apply to irritated or broken skin
B) Store in airtight plastic containers
C) Apply to the same site repeatedly
D) Rotate application sites and remove old medication

A

d

75
Q

How should patients be instructed to take as-needed nitrates at the first hint of anginal pain?
A) Take with a full glass of water
B) Take on an empty stomach
C) Take immediately after a meal
D) Take the medication sublingually

A

d

76
Q

What should patients do if there is no relief in anginal pain after taking sublingual nitroglycerin?
A) Take another dose after 30 minutes
B) Drive to the hospital immediately
C) Continue with daily activities
D) Take a third sublingual tablet if there is no relief in 5 minutes

A

d

77
Q

How should intravenous forms of nitroglycerin be administered?
A) With regular intravenous tubing
B) With polyvinyl chloride tubing
C) With non–polyvinyl chloride tubing and bags
D) Through a central line only

A

c

78
Q

What should patients taking ß-blockers do if they experience dizziness or fainting?
A) Increase the dose of the medication
B) Discontinue the medication immediately
C) Report the symptoms to their healthcare provider
D) Take the medication with food

A

c

79
Q

How should patients on calcium channel blockers manage constipation?
A) Increase intake of foods high in sugar
B) Decrease fluid intake
C) Avoid fruits and vegetables
D) Take in adequate fluids and eat high-fiber foods

A

d

80
Q

What should patients be encouraged to do to prevent tolerance when using topical forms of nitrates?
A) Apply the medication only once daily
B) Increase the frequency of application
C) Rotate application sites and remove old medication
D) Store the medication in direct sunlight

A

c

81
Q

How should patients be instructed to store sublingual nitroglycerin to preserve potency?
A) Store in a plastic bag
B) Keep in the refrigerator
C) Store in an airtight, dark glass bottle with a metal cap
D) Keep in direct sunlight

A

c

82
Q

What should patients do if experiencing chest pain while taking sublingual nitroglycerin?
A) Take the medication with water
B) Lie down to prevent or decrease dizziness and fainting
C) Immediately drive to the hospital
D) Double the dose of nitroglycerin

A

b

83
Q

What should nurses instruct patients regarding the use of intravenous forms of nitroglycerin?
A) Administer with regular intravenous tubing
B) Discard solutions that are clear and not discolored
C) Administer through any available intravenous line
D) Use polyvinyl chloride tubing and bags for administration

A

b

84
Q

What should patients do if they miss a dose of ß-blockers?
A) Skip the missed dose and continue with the next scheduled dose
B) Double the next dose to make up for the missed one
C) Discontinue the medication immediately
D) Take the missed dose as soon as remembered, unless it is close to the next scheduled dose

A

d

85
Q

How should patients manage constipation associated with calcium channel blockers?
A) Decrease fluid intake
B) Avoid high-fiber foods
C) Increase intake of processed foods
D) Take in adequate fluids and eat high-fiber foods

A

d

86
Q

What should patients taking ß-blockers be informed about regarding the abrupt discontinuation of the medication?
A) It is safe to discontinue the medication without consulting a healthcare provider.
B) Abrupt discontinuation may lead to rebound hypertension.
C) There are no potential risks associated with abrupt discontinuation.
D) Abrupt discontinuation may lead to increased heart rate.

A

b

87
Q

How should patients be advised to change positions when taking antianginal drugs to avoid postural changes in blood pressure?
A) Change positions quickly to minimize blood pressure changes.
B) Change positions slowly to minimize blood pressure changes.
C) Avoid changing positions throughout the day.
D) Change positions only when experiencing chest pain.

A

b

88
Q

What instruction should nurses provide to patients regarding the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin for anginal pain?
A) Swallow the tablet immediately after placing it under the tongue.
B) Chew the tablet to enhance absorption.
C) Keep the tablet in the mouth until it completely dissolves.
D) Spit out any saliva that accumulates while holding the tablet.

A

c

89
Q

What should patients be encouraged to do to limit tolerance when using long-acting forms of nitrates?
A) Take additional doses at shorter intervals.
B) Take the medication only when chest pain occurs.
C) Rotate application sites regularly.
D) Have a nitrate-free period daily.

A

d

90
Q

What should patients be instructed to do if experiencing chest pain while on nitroglycerin therapy?
A) Increase the dose of nitroglycerin.
B) Take a hot bath to relax the muscles.
C) Lie down and take a sublingual tablet.
D) Engage in physical activity to distract from the pain.

A

c

91
Q

Which adverse effect should patients on calcium channel blockers be instructed to report immediately?
A) Nausea
B) Constipation
C) Headache
D) Edema

A

d

92
Q

What precaution should patients taking ß-blockers observe regarding their pulse rate?
A) Monitor pulse rate weekly.
B) Only monitor pulse rate if symptoms occur.
C) Report any pulse rate lower than 80 beats/min.
D) Report any pulse rate lower than 60 beats/min.

A

d

93
Q

How should patients be advised to store nitroglycerin sublingual tablets to maintain potency?
A) Store them in a plastic bag.
B) Keep them in a pill organizer.
C) Place them in airtight, dark glass bottles with metal caps.
D) Store them in the bathroom cabinet.

A

c

94
Q

When should patients be instructed to take sublingual nitroglycerin tablets?
A) Only when chest pain is severe.
B) Immediately before bedtime.
C) At the same time every day.
D) At the first hint of anginal pain.

A

d

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