Antianginals Flashcards
(17 cards)
Nitrates mechanism of action
Cause vasodilation due to relaxation of smooth muscles, with a potential dilating effect on both large and small coronary vessels.
Nitrates indications
Treats stable, unstable, and vasospastic angina.
Rapid acting nitrates
Used to treat acute anginal attacks, available as SL tablets and IV infusion.
Long acting nitrates
Used to prevent anginal episodes.
Nitrate contraindications
Allergy, severe anemia, cerebral hemorrhage, closed-angle glaucoma, hypotension, use of erectile dysfunction medications.
Nitrate adverse effects
Headache, dizziness, irritations, tolerance, hypotension, tachycardia, syncope.
What to do with nitrate tolerances
Allow a regular nitrate-free period to replenish enzyme pathways; remove patch at bedtime for 8 hours and apply a new one in the morning.
Nitrates routes
Sublingual (SL), oral (PO), intravenous (IV), patches, ointments, sprays.
Nitrate examples
Isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin.
Isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin classification
Nitrates.
Nursing management for nitroglycerin
Do not chew or swallow SL form; potency is lost about 3 months after opening, so date the bottle; light can affect it; burning sensation may occur.
What is the mechanism of action of metoprolol?
They reduce heart rate and blood pressure.
What are the indications for metoprolol?
Hypertension, Angina, Heart failure, Post-MI, Arrhythmias, Migraines (off-label).
What are the contraindications for metoprolol?
Bradycardia, Severe hypotension, Heart block, Asthma, Severe PAD, Hypersensitivity.
What is the classification of metoprolol?
Beta-1 Adrenergic Blocker, Antihypertensive, Antianginal.
What are the common adverse effects of metoprolol?
Bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, fatigue, depression, shortness of breath, cold extremities.
What client teaching is important for patients on Beta-1 selective blockers?
Monitor heart rate & blood pressure, watch for side effects, avoid abrupt cessation, caution with diabetes, alcohol, exercise.
