Antitubercular Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Isoniazid (INH)?
Isoniazid is a bactericidal agent that inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall.
How does Isoniazid work?
By disrupting the cell wall, Isoniazid prevents the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (TB).
What are the indications for Isoniazid?
Active tuberculosis (TB) as part of combination therapy and latent tuberculosis infection to prevent development into active TB.
What are the contraindications for Isoniazid?
Liver disease (e.g., active hepatitis) and hypersensitivity to isoniazid.
What is the classification of Isoniazid?
Antitubercular (first-line agent).
What are the adverse effects of Isoniazid?
Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin B6 deficiency, rash and fever, drug-induced lupus, gastrointestinal symptoms.
What client teaching is important for Isoniazid?
Take with caution if you have liver disease; regular liver function tests are important. Report signs of liver damage and supplement with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy.
Rifampin mech of action:
bactericidal agent that inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What are the indications for Rifampin?
Active tuberculosis (TB) in combination with other antitubercular drugs and prophylaxis for close contacts of individuals with meningococcal meningitis or Haemophilus influenzae type b infections.
What are the contraindications for Rifampin?
Hypersensitivity to rifampin and concurrent use with certain drugs as it can decrease their effectiveness.
What is the classification of Rifampin?
Antitubercular (first-line agent) and Rifamycin class of antibiotics.
What are the adverse effects of Rifampin?
Hepatotoxicity, orange-red discoloration of urine, sweat, and tears, gastrointestinal symptoms, flu-like symptoms, drug interactions.
What client teaching is important for Rifampin?
Inform patients about the orange discoloration of body fluids, monitor liver function regularly, and use non-hormonal contraception.
What is Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)?
Pyridoxine is used as a supplement to prevent peripheral neuropathy induced by isoniazid therapy.
What are the indications for Pyridoxine?
Prevention and treatment of peripheral neuropathy associated with isoniazid therapy and vitamin B6 deficiency.
What are the contraindications for Pyridoxine?
Hypersensitivity to pyridoxine and high doses should be avoided unless directed by a healthcare provider.
What is the classification of Pyridoxine?
Vitamin B6 supplement.
What are the adverse effects of Pyridoxine?
Neuropathy if taken in excessive amounts over a prolonged period and sensory neuropathy if very high doses are used.
What client teaching is important for Pyridoxine?
Take as prescribed, do not exceed recommended doses, and report signs of neuropathy.
