Antibacterial

Question 1

What mold is penicillin derived from?

Answer 1

Penicillium notatum

Question 2

2 examples of semisynthetic antibacterials

Answer 2

Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

Question 3

3 examples of Synthetic antibacterials

Answer 3

Trimethoprim
Linezolid
Quinolones

Question 4

State 3 diseases that require bacteri[cidal] drugs

Answer 4

Infective endocarditis
Meningitis
Osteomyelitis

Question 5

What does MLC stand for ?

Answer 5

Minimum lethal concentration

Question 6

What does MIC stand for?

Answer 6

Minimum Inhibitory concentration

Question 7

What is empirical therapy?

Answer 7

Treating the infection before culture results based on experience

Question 8

3 side effects of antibiotic misuse

Answer 8

Steven Johnson syndrome
Nephrotoxicity
Clostridium difficile infection

Question 9

What enzymes do cell wall synthesis inhibitors work on ?

Answer 9

Transpeptidase Carboxypeptidase

Question 10

What are the types of cell wall inhibitors

Answer 10

Vancomycin
Bacitracin
B-lactams

Question 11

4 examples of B-lactams

Answer 11

Penicillin
Carbapenem
Cephalosporins
Monobactam

Question 12

5 Protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 12

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides (bacteriocidal)
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Clindamycin

Question 13

3 folate synthesis inhibitors

Answer 13

Sulfonamide
Trimethoprim
((Co-trimoxazole))

Question 14

2 nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

Answer 14

Rifampicin
Quinolones

Question 15

3 types of Quinolones

Answer 15

Nalodixic acid
Ciprofloxacin
Oxolinic acid

Question 16

How do genetics affect antimicrobial resistance?

Answer 16

Chromosomal mutation
Genetic transfer

Question 17

What mechanism did streptococcus pneumonia use to become resistant to penicillin ?

Answer 17

Modification of target (Sequence mutation)

Question 18

What are the 3 mechanism of modifications of target

Answer 18

Target bypass
Target hyper-production
Sequence mutation

Question 19

What mechanism does MRSA use?

Answer 19

Modification of target (target bypass)

Question 20

What antibiotics are normal B-lactamases resistant to?

Answer 20

Penicillin & Cephalosporins

Question 21

What antibiotics are extended spectrum B-lactamases resistant to?

Answer 21

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Monobactams

Question 22

What does the combo: Penicillin + Clavulanic acid called

Answer 22

Co-amxoiclav / Augmentin

Question 23

Which bacteria have ESBL?

Answer 23

Enteric bacteria

Question 24

4 examples of B-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 24

Clavulanic acid
Tazo-, Sul-, Avi- Bactam

Question 25

Which Microbes are Carbapenemase resistant?

Answer 25

Enteric G-

Question 26

What Antibiotics are Acetylating, Adenylating & Phosphorylating enzymes (produced by G-) bacteria resistant to?

Answer 26

Aminoglycosides Chloramphenicol

Question 27

Which MOs have a strain resistant to Vancomycin?

Answer 27

Enterococci & S. Aureus

Question 28

How does MTB resist Isoniazid?

Answer 28

Mutation in catalase peroxidase gene

Question 29

Which antibiotic is resisted by increasing efflux?

Answer 29

Sulfonamides (transport system)

Question 30

Which antibiotic is resisted by decreasing permeability ?

Answer 30

Aminoglycosides

Question 31

Which gene codes for PBP

Answer 31

MecA

Question 32

How does MRSA resist Methicillin?

Answer 32

By switching PBP for PBP2A

Question 33

What does AST stand for?

Answer 33

Antibiotic sensitivity test

Question 34

What are the 2 Antibiotic sensitivity tests?

Answer 34

Tube dilution & disk diffusion

Question 35

What is Kirby bauer test?

Answer 35

Another name for disk diffusion

Question 36

Who invented penicillin?

Answer 36

Alex fleming

Question 37

What is antimicrobial stewardship ?

Answer 37

Coordinated antimicrobial appropriate use program (not important)

Question 38

Give 2 types of Carbapenems

Answer 38

Meropenem & Imipenem

Question 39

What is an example of a monobactam?

Answer 39

Aztreonam