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Pharmacology > Antibacterial PG 905 > Flashcards

Antibacterial PG 905 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is it called when something needs oxygen to survive??

A

Aerobic

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2
Q

What is it called when something can live without oxygen?

A

anaerobic

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3
Q

Term for something that is active against bacteria?

A

antibacterial

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4
Q

What is the ability of bacteria to produce substances that inactivate or destroy the impact of the drug called?

A

Bacterial resistance

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5
Q

Term for drugs that slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria:

A

bacteriostatic

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6
Q

Drugs that kill bacteria are called:

A

bactericidal

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7
Q

What is it called when you have an allergy to drugs in the same or related group?

A

cross sensitivity

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8
Q

Definition of Broad Spectrum:

A

drugs effective against both gram - and gram + bacteria

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9
Q

what are normal flora?

A

nonpathogenic microorganisms within the body

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10
Q

the effectiveness of antibiotics depends on these factors:

A

a) location of the infection
b) ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of the infection
c) ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic

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11
Q

The action of this class of antibacterial is mostly bacteriostatic caused by sulfonamide antagonism to para-aminobenzoic acid.

A

Sulfonamides

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12
Q

This class of antibacterial is used to control urinary tract infections caused by E coli, Staph, including methicillin resistant staph, and Klebsiella Enterobacter.

A

Sulfonamides

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13
Q

Serious adverse reactions include hematologic changes such as a decrease in white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells in this class of antibacterial.

other reactions include photosensitivity, anorexia, and Stephens Johnsons syndrome

A

Sulfonamides

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14
Q

This antibacterial class should be used with caution in patients with G6PD deficiency.

A

Sulfonamides

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15
Q

Examples of drugs that contain sulfonamide chemical group

A

celecoxib
glyburide
furosemide
acetazolamide

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16
Q

This class of antibacterial should not be used near the end of pregnancy or significant blood levels can occur.

A

sulfonamides

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17
Q

this class of antibacterial should be used with caution with patients with bronchial asthma and is contraindicated for patients with sulfa allergy or G6PD

A

Sulfonamides

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18
Q

examples of sulfonamides

A

silver sulfadiazine: silvadene (topical)

trimethroprim/sulfamethoxazole: Bactrim

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19
Q

the action of this antibacterial prevents bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for the maintenance of the bacteria’s outer wall.

A

Penicillin

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20
Q

some common uses for penicillin

A 
septicemia 
intra abdominal infections 
syphilis 
pneumonia 
cellulitis 
otitis media 
acute sinusitis 
strep pharyngitis
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21
Q

contraindications/warning/caution with administering penicillin

A

history of hypersensitivity.

current mononucleosis infection

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22
Q

This antibacterial class has common adverse reactions including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sore tongue, or mouth:

A

Penicillin

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23
Q

Examples of Penicillin meds

A

PEN VK
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate

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24
Q

This antibacterial class is structurally and chemically related to penicillin but will work on bacteria that has become resistant to PCN

A

Cephalosporines

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25
the action of this antibacterial class affect the bacterial cell wall, making it defective and unstable, similar to action of PCN.
Cephalosporins
26
This antibacterial class is used to treat infections caused by strepp staph, citrobacter, gonococci, shigella, and clostridia.
Cephalosporines
27
what is the most common adverse reaction with cephalosprines
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
28
what is a contraindication of cephalosporines
allergy to PNC or Cephalosporin
29
examples of 1st generation cephalosporines
cephalexin cefazolin cefadroxil
30
examples of 2nd generation cephalosporin
cefaclor cefprozil cefoxitin
31
examples of 3rd generation cephalosporin
ceftriaxone cefixime ceftrazidime cefdinir
32
examples of 4rd generation cephalosporin
Cefepime
33
examples of 5th generation cephalosporin
ceftraroline
34
the action of this antibacterial inhibits protein synthesis, which is a process necessary for reproduction.
Tetracyclines
35
This antibacterial class is used for treatment of acne vulgaris, rickettsia, malaria prophylaxis.
tetracyclines
36
the adverse reactions of this class of antibacterial include GI upset, photosensitivity, and may not be given to children younger than 9 because the drug may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth
tetracyclines
37
examples of tetracyclines
doxycycline tetracycline minocycline
38
This class of antibacterial acts by binding to the cell membrane and causes changes in protein synthesis
macrolides
39
common uses for macrolides
``` community acquired pneumonia skin infections otittis media alternative to PCN for Strep Throat mycoplasma pneumonia chlamydia H. pylori ```
40
Contraindication of macrolides:
preexisting liver disease
41
examples of macrolides
azithromycin erythromycin clarithromycin teithromycin
42
this class of antibacterial drugs exert their bactericidal effect by interfering with an enzyme needed by bacteria for synthesis of DNA.
Fluoroquinolones
43
Common uses of fluoroquinolones
``` LRI pneumonia infections of the skin UTI Acute Pyelonephritis Intra Abdominal infections (e.g. diverticulitis) STD (not first line, off label use) atypical pneumonia ```
44
this class of antibacterial has been associated with disabling and irreversible serious adverse reactions that have occurred together, including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects!!
Fluoroquinolones
45
Patients with no alternative treatment options for the following indications: Uncomplicated UTI, acute bacterial exacerbation of choric bronchitis, and acute bacterial sinusitis are reserved for this type of antibacterial
Fluoroquinolones
46
bacterial or fungal superinfections, pseudomembranous colitis, photosensitivity, tendinopathy, possible association with connective tissue contracture is associated with what class of antibacterials??
fluoroquinolones
47
What are the contraindications of fluoroquinolones?
<18 years old pregnancy CAT C HX of seizures HX of arrhythmias
48
Examples of fluoroquinolones:
ciprofloxacin | Levofloxacin
49
This class of antibacterial exert their bactericidal effect by blocking a step in protein synthesis necessary for multiplication:
Aminoglycosides
50
This antibacterial is usually used in a hospital setting and its primary use is the following: primarily gram negative bacterial meningitis in combo with penicillin or ampicillin intra abdominal infection, complicated UTIs
aminoglycosides
51
What are some adverse reactions to aminoglycosides?
nephrotoxicity ototoxicity neurotoxicity
52
what are three contraindications of aminoglycosides?
patient needing long term therapy pre existing hearing loss lactation and pregnancy (CAT D)
53
Examples of aminoglycosides:
gentamicin | neomycin
54
Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes that confer resistance to what?
most beta lactam antibiotics
55
this antibacterial drug acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to several of the penicillin binding proteins:
carbapenems
56
this antibacterial drug is used for sever infections with drug resistant organisms, hospital acquired pneumonia, meningitis, intra abdominal infections, prosthetic joint infection, necrotizing soft tissue infection and pyelonephritis:
carbapenems
57
Name some adverse effects of carbapenems smart guy???
Head ache, skin rash, nausea, diarrhea, anemia, seizure, renal failure, or C Difficile
58
What are some contraindications of carbapenems?
seizure disorders stevens johson syndrome renal impairment
59
Examples of carbapenems:
imipenem meropenem ertapenem
60
This class of of antibacterial is a combo of 3, and it acts by inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms
amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole
61
use for amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole
Anaerobic bacterial infections gynecologic infections intra abdominal infections skin and skin structure infections
62
what are two antiprotozoal therapies?
amebiasis | giardiasis
63
Common adverse reactions to amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole:
headache (18%) nausea (10-12%) vaginitis (15%) metallic taste (9%)
64
if you are pregnant in first trimester with trichomoniasis, used disulfiram in the past 2 weeks, used alcohol or propylene glycol containing products during therapy within 3 days of therapy discontinuation, what antibacterial is that a contraindication for?
amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole
65
Examples of amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole:
metronidazole tinidazole nimorazole dimetridazole
66
this class of antibacterial disrupts protein synthesis decreasing adherence of bacteria to host cells, exerts and extended post antibiotic effect, and is considered a bacteriostatic but a bactericidal against some strains of staph, strep, and anaerobes (such as bacteroides fragilis):
Lincosamide
67
This antibacterial is used for MRSA, purulent cellulitis or abscess, pharyngitis, toxic shock syndrome, bacterial vaginosis, bite would (alternative agent, off label use) and odontogenic infections, and rhinosinusitis:
Lincosamide
68
GI issues such as abdominal pain, antibiotic associated colitis, clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea, esophageal ulcer, esophagitis, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis, unpleasant taste (IV), and vomiting are adverse reactions of what antibacterial?
Lincosamide
69
in addition to various GI issues, what are some other adverse reactions to Lincosamide?
Cardiovascular: hypotension CNS: metallic taste
70
contraindication of Lincosamide ?
hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any component of the formulation
71
examples of Lincosamide:
Clindamycin | Lincomycin

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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