GI

Question 1

action of antacids

Answer 1

neutralize acidity of stomach and intestinal contents

Question 2

indications of antacids

Answer 2

heartburn
GERD (on demand relief, NOT prevention)
sour stomach
indigestion
peptic ulcer

Question 3

adverse reactions of antacids

Answer 3

laxative effect
antacids containing aluminum: constipation
antacids containing magnesium: severe diarrhea
antacids containing calcium: rebound hyperacidity

Question 4

contraindications of antacids

Answer 4

abdominal pain with no known cause
antacids containing sodium: HTN or CHF
antacids containing calcium: kidney stones

Question 5

examples of antacids

Answer 5

magnesium hydroxide
calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide

Question 6

action of histamine H2 antagonists

Answer 6

inhibits H2 receptor cells of the stomach, reducing secretion of gastric acid

Question 7

indications of h2 antagonists

Answer 7

gastric and duodenal ulcers
GERD
prevention of stress related ulcers
upper GI tract bleeding

Question 8

adverse reactions of H2 antagonists

Answer 8

dizziness, somnolence, headache, confusion, hallucinations, diarrhea, impotence

Question 9

examples of H2 antagonists

Answer 9

cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine (no longer produced)

Question 10

action of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 10

block final step in production of gastric acid

Question 11

indications of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 11

GERD
treatment of gastric or intestinal ulcers
severe heartburn
erosive esophagitis
ulcers with H pylori

Question 12

adverse reactions of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 12

headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, farts, constipation, dry mouth

Question 13

contraindications of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 13

osteoporosis from high dose and chronic use

Question 14

examples of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 14

esomeprazole
omeprazole
pantoprazole
lansoprazole

Question 15

actions of antidiarrheals

Answer 15

decrease intestinal movement

Question 16

adverse effects of antidiarrheals

Answer 16

minimal effects associated with loperamide. occasional abdominal discomfort

Question 17

contraindications of antidiarrheals

Answer 17

diarrhea caused by infectious disease (shigella, e coli, salmonella)

colitis

abdominal pain with unknown cause

Question 18

examples of antidiarrheals

Answer 18

loperamide

Question 19

class of anti-flatulents

Answer 19

defoaming action preventing formation of gas pockets in the intestine

Question 20

indications of anti-flatulents

Answer 20

relief of painful gas

Question 21

adverse reactions of anti-flatulents

Answer 21

none to date

Question 22

examples of anti-flatulents

Answer 22

simethicone

Question 23

different types of laxatives

Answer 23

bulk producing
emollient
fecal softener 
hyperosmolar
irritant or stimulant
saline

Question 24

action of bulk producing laxatives

Answer 24

adds bulk and water to the contents of intestines stimulating peristalsis

Question 25

action of emollients

Answer 25

lubricate intestinal walls and soften stool

Question 26

action of stool softeners

Answer 26

promote water retention in fecal mass

Question 27

action of hyperosmolars

Answer 27

dehydrate local tissue causing irritation and increasing peristalsis

Question 28

action of irritant or stimulant laxatives

Answer 28

increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine

Question 29

action of saline laxatives

Answer 29

pull water in to the intestine, increasing pressure in the intestine

Question 30

uses of laxatives

Answer 30

short term relief or prevention of constipation

Question 31

adverse reaction of laxatives

Answer 31

dehydration, abdominal discomfort, perianal irritation, flatulence, dependence obstruction may occur with bulk forming laxatives

Question 32

contraindications of laxatives

Answer 32

abd pain, nausea, vomiting with unknown cause signs of acute appendicitis fecal impaction acute hepatitis

Question 33

examples of bulk forming laxatives

Answer 33

metamucil | wheat dextrin

Question 34

examples of emollient laxatives

Answer 34

mineral oil (enema)

Question 35

examples of fecal softener laxatives

Answer 35

docusate sodium

Question 36

examples of hyperosmolar laxatives

Answer 36

glycerin (suppository) | polyethylene glycol

Question 37

examples of irritant or stimulant laxatives

Answer 37

bisacodyl

Question 38

examples of saline laxatives

Answer 38

magnesium citrate, milk of magnesia

Question 39

action of hemorrhoid agents

Answer 39

quick, symptomatic relief

Question 40

indications of hemorrhoid agents

Answer 40

inflamed hemorrhoids

Question 41

adverse effects of hemorrhoid agents

Answer 41

atrophy of affected tissues

Question 42

examples of hemorrhoid agents

Answer 42

hydrocortisone cortifoam pramoxine tux pads