antihypertensives PG 882

Question 1

what is considered normal blood pressure

Answer 1

<120/<80

Question 2

what is considered elevated blood pressure

Answer 2

120-129/80

Question 3

what is considered stage 1 hypertension

Answer 3

130-139/80-89

Question 4

what is considered stage 2 hypertension

Answer 4

> 140/>90

Question 5

what is step 1 of treating hypertension

Answer 5

lifestyle changes

Question 6

what is stage 2 of treating hypertension

Answer 6

thiazide diuretic, ACE inhibitor, ARB, or CCB (use 1)

Question 7

consider using which type of medication in African American patients due to increased risk of angioedema

Answer 7

use ARB instead of ACE inhibitor

Question 8

what is stage 3 of treating hypertension

Answer 8

increase dose of drugs or combine two drugs

Question 9

what is step 4 of treating hypertension

Answer 9

combine 2-3 of step 3

Question 10

what are the different classes of antihypertensive medication

Answer 10

ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II antagonists (ARBs)
diuretics
calcium channel blockers
beta blockers

Question 11

action of ACE inhibitors

Answer 11

lower BP by dilating arterial blood vessels

Question 12

what medication is used in first line treatment of HTN in patients with DM

Answer 12

ACE inhibitors

Question 13

adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 13

postural/orthostatic hypotension
angioedema (in african american patients)
dry hacking cough

Question 14

contraindications of ACE inhibitors

Answer 14

renal or hepatic disease

electrolyte imbalance

Question 15

action of calcium channel blockers

Answer 15

causes peripheral vasodilation

inhibits calcium from getting in to muscle cells to cause contraction

Question 16

what are the 2 categories of calcium channel blockers

Answer 16

dihydropyridines - little to no negative effect on cardiac contractility or conduction

non-dihydropyridines - greater depressive effect on cardiac conduction and contractility

Question 17

adverse effects of dihydropyridines

Answer 17

headache, lightheadedness, flushing, peripheral edema

Question 18

adverse effects of non-dihydropyridines

Answer 18

constipation, bradycardia, heart failure, heart block

Question 19

contraindications of dihydropyridines

Answer 19

hepatic impairment, severe coronary artery disease, and sever aortic stenosis

Question 20

contraindications of non-dihydropyridines

Answer 20

second or third degree heart block, acute MI, congestive heart failure

Question 21

action of beta blockers

Answer 21

compete with adrenergic neurotransmitters (epi and norepi) for adrenergic receptor sites

Question 22

where are beta1 receptor sites usually located

Answer 22

in the heart

Question 23

where are beta2 receptors usually located

Answer 23

bronchial and vascular smooth muscle and the uterus

Question 24

which beta receptors do selective beta blockers work on

Answer 24

beta1

Question 25

which beta receptors do non selective beta blockers work on

Answer 25

beta1 and beta2

Question 26

adverse effects of beta blockers

Answer 26

orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm

Question 27

contraindications of beta blockers

Answer 27

sinus bradycardia, heart block, hypotension