Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards
(15 cards)
How do antibacterial drugs work?
Antibacterial drugs penetrate the bacterial cell wall and have an affinity for the bacteria’s binding sites. They kill the bacteria or stop it from spreading. This helps the body’s natural immune system to fight the infection.
What is the indication of prophylactic antibiotics?
It is indicated to prevent infection for clients with GIT, Cardio, Orthopedic or Gynecologic surgeries. Also in the prevention of STI’s following sexual exposure.
What is penicillin?
Penicillin is a medication used to manage and treat a wide range of infections. It is in the beta-lactam antibiotic class of drugs.
What are cephalosporins?
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antimicrobials used to manage a wide range of infections from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The five generations of cephalosporins are useful against skin infection, resistant bacteria, meningitis, and other infections.
What are Carbapenems?
Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotic that are active against many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Carbapenems inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the penicillin-binding proteins and interfering with cell wall formation.
How do tetracycline antibiotics work?
Tetracyclines probably penetrate bacterial cells by passive diffusion and inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis or by destroying the membrane.
What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?
Macrolide antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome. They bind at the nascent peptide exit tunnel and partially occlude it. Thus, macrolides have been viewed as ‘tunnel plugs’ that stop synthesis of every protein.
Aminoglycosides are used for:
The treatment of severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, as well as bacteremia and endocarditis. They are also used for prophylaxis, especially against endocarditis. Resistance is rare but increasing in frequency.
What is a quinolone antibiotic?
The quinolone class of antibiotics inhibits the DNA synthesis of bacteria by disrupting the bacterial topoisomerase type II; inhibiting the catalytic activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
What are antituberculosis or antimycobacterial medications?
Antituberculosis or antimycobacterial agents represent a diverse group of compounds, which are used either alone or in combination to treat Mycobacterium infections, including tuberculosis and leprosy. These drugs include rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and kanamycin.
What is the right dosage of Isoniazid for adults and children per kg body weight?
For adults 5(4-6) mg/kg and should not exceed 400 mg daily. For children 10(715) mg/kg and should not exceed 300 mg daily.
What are anti-fungal drugs?
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete’s foot, ringworm, candidiasis, serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.
Anti-malarial drugs are used to:
Kill plasmodium organisms and work during the phases of parasite growth inside humans.
What are the medicines used to treat malaria as per the DOH manual?
For uncomplicated infection:
• Artemeter-Lumifantrine
• Primaquine
For severe malaria:
• Artesunate IV
• Primaquine
• Quinine
What are anti-helminthic drugs?
These are drugs used to treat infections of animals with parasitic worms. This includes both flat worms, flukes and tapeworms as well as round worms.
