Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the goals of antihypertensive therapy?
• Reduction of cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality.
• JNC 7 - achieve a blood pressure of less than 140/90mmHg and for patients with hypertension and diabetes, less than 130/90mmHg.
• Individualized considering co-morbidities and impact of patient’s quality of life.
What are diuretics?
These are drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation that results in the removal of sodium and water from the body.
What is the mechanism of action of Acetazolamide?
It works along the carbonic anhydrase enzyme system in the proximal convoluted tubule. Carbonic Anhydrase is needed to make hydrogen ions for the exchange of sodium and water.
What is the mechanism of action of adrenergic drugs?
These drugs work by mimicking the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system - the part of the nervous system that increases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and eye pupil size.
What does an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor do?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are medications thathelp relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors prevent an enzyme in the body from producing angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels.
What do angiotensin II receptor blockers do?
Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax your veins and arteries to lower your blood pressure and make it easier for your heart to pump blood.
How do calcium channel blockers work?
Calcium channel blockers are medications used to lower blood pressure. They work by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries.
Anti-anginal drugs are used to:
Provide immediate relief from symptoms and prevent angina attacks.
What do inotropic drugs do?
It increases the force of myocardial contraction.
What do positive chronotropic drugs do?
It increases the rate in which the heart beats.
What do dromotropic drugs do?
It affects the conduction speed in the AV node, and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart.
What is the mechanism of action of Nesiritide IV?
Synthetic BNP that vasodilates both arteries and veins, induce diuresis and natriuresis.
What is the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides?
Positive inotropic effect d/t inhibition of Na-K pump, augments PNS stimulation via vagus nerve; negative chronotropic and dromotropic effect; promotion of tissue perfusion and diuresis.
Anti-dysrhythmic drugs are used to:
Prevent abnormal cardiac rhythms such as atrial fibrillation, atrial atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
What is the use of Lidocaine?
Plain lidocaine solution is used to treat cardiac conditions.
