Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards
(21 cards)
Antibacterial
A substance that kills bacteria or stops them from growing and causing disease.
Bacteria
-Also known as prokaryotes which are single-celled organisms that lack a true nucleus and nuclear membrane
-It has a cell wall, that determines its shape
Hans Christian Gram
-Devised a method to classify bacteria using the Gram-stain method
Antibacterial Drugs
- Substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other microorganisms
-Drugs do not act alone in destroying bacteria. Together with natural body defenses, surgical procedures and dressing changes are needed to eliminate infecting bacteria
-These drugs are either obtained from natural sources or are manufactured
Alexander Fleming
-Discovered the mold that produced Penicillin which was the first antibiotic to be used and marketed
Where does Anticipative used for and what is their potency and activity against organism?
-Living tissue
-Lower
-Primarily inhibits growth (bacteriostatic)
Where does Disinfectants used for and what is their potency and activity against organism?
-Nonliving objects
-Higher
-Kills (bactericidal)
Five Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action:
1:inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis
2:alteration of membrane permeability
3: inhibition of protein synthesis
4:nhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
5:interference with metabolism within the cell
MEC (Minimum Effective Concentration)
–Minimum amount of antibacterial drug to halt the growth of microorganisms
What happen when bacteria is sensitive to the drug?
-The pathogen can be inhibited or destroyed
What happen when bacteria is resistant to the drug?
-The pathogen will continue to grow despite administration
2 Types of resistance
- Inherent: occurs without previous exposure to the drug
- Acquired: caused by prior exposure to the antibacterial
Additive Effect
-Equal to the sum of the effects of two antibiotics
Potentiative Effect
-Occurs when one antibiotic increases the effectiveness of the 2nddrug
Antagonistic Effect
-When two drugs are used together, the desired effect may be greatly reduced
Narrow Spectrum
-Primarily effective against one type of organism (selective)
Broad Spectrum
-Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
Empiric Therapy
-When a drug selected is known to be the best drug that can kill the MO
Definitive Therapy
-Once the MO is identified in the lab, the antibiotic therapy is tailored by using the most narrow-spectrum, least toxic drug based on C&S results
Subtherapeutic
-When signs and symptoms do not improve
Superinfection
