antibiotic resistance 1

Question 1

reasons for natural resistance

Answer 1

target not present e.g may have dufferent taregts in cell wall so penicillins cant bind

Question 2

biofilm

Answer 2

community of microorganisms enclosed within a matrix

Question 3

persistor cells

Answer 3

highly tolerant to antibiotics may escape the effects of antibiotics without genetic change

Question 4

are persistor cells fast or slow growing

Answer 4

slow

Question 5

cross resistance

Answer 5

resistant to substances whihc have a similar mechanism

Question 6

multiple resistance

Answer 6

bacteria that resist treatment with one or more antibiotics

Question 7

component of the strain of MRSA which causes severe skin infections

Answer 7

panton valentine leukocidin; assoc with hihgly virulent strains of staph aur

Question 8

area most commonly missed on hand washing

Answer 8

inner thumb onto palm part

Question 9

ESBLs:

Answer 9

enzymes which inacitvate penicillins , produced by some gram negatives

Question 10

Increased efflux

Answer 10

Efflux pumps actively export antibiotics out of the bacterial cell

Question 11

transfer of dna

Answer 11

via transformation transduction or conjugation

Question 12

conjugation

Answer 12

replication and transfer of plasmid DNA - plasmid DNA may contain genes for resistance

Question 13

transformation

Answer 13

when bacteria die and the cells break apart, ‘free-floating’ DNA released into surrounding environment may be ‘scavenged’ by other bacteria and incorporated into DNA - the DNA may contain genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 14

transduction

Answer 14

bacterial DNA transferred from one bacterium to the other inside a virus that infects bacteria (bacteriophages)