antibiotic resistance 2 Flashcards
what is AMR challenged on
food prodcution, infections, surgical procedures
how does resistance to AMR emerge rapidly
- pathogen, nosocomial or community important factor
- beta lactamases exist as antibiotics around before we discovered them and they also have other features apart
How do we tackle AMR?
- Drug development
- Alternatice therapies
- Prevention
- Prescribing
Drug Discovery
- Natural Products
- Genome mining
- Isolation techniques
- Stem Cells (peptides)
- Combinations
- New inhibitors
- Repurposing
- Existing drugs
- Known safety profiles
established approaches of drug combinations
- Sulphonamides
Beta lactamase inhibitors- syncretic
- TB therapy
- congruous
New beta-lactamases inhibitors
- New inhibitors and drug cocktais extend life of existig drugs:
- Claculanic acid
- Tazobactam
Alternative therapies
- Vaccination
- Antibody therapy
- Immunomodulatery drugs
- Anti-infective drugs
- Quorum sensing (ability to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation) inhibitors
- Probiotics
- microbiome interventions
- Phage theraoy
- georgia/tiblisi
how do we prevent AMR
Appropriate & efficient prescribing is part of controlling disease in community, & preventing HAI
prevention infection control
HAIs Transmission of AMR strains, Surveillance
prevention public health
Food poisoning, Water sources, Legionella, Vectors e.g. Lyme’s/ IDU needles
prevention Colonisation by AMR microbes:
Environment
prevention food
Animals/Veterinary
Inappropriate prescribing themes:
- Viral infections
- Respiratory Tract
Infections (RTIs)- sinitus, sore throat, coughs
- Fungal infections
- Mild/self limiting conditions
- is prescribing nesscecary
- Prophylaxis
- dental e.g. tooth extraction
Reserve drugs:
last resort to treat extensively drug resistant bacteria:
- Daptomycin, Colistin, several Carbapenems, Meropenem/vaborbactam
Alert NHS Tayside
- Gentamicin
- Merioebem (carbapenem)
- Piperacillin/Tazobactam
- Ciprofoxacin
- Temocillin
