Antibiotics

Question 1

Mnemonic for protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics

Answer 1

A good antibiotic merchant buys AT30 and CELLS at 50.

• 30S Subunit = A + T = Aminoglycosides + Tetracyclines
• 50S Subunit = CELLS = Chloramphenicol + Erythromyccin (Macrolides) + Linezolid + cLindamycin (Lincosamide) + Streptogrammins

Question 2

Macrolide examples

Answer 2

Clarythromycin, Erythromycin

Question 3

Macrolide action

Answer 3

50S Subunit of Ribosome > Block Protein Synthesis

Buys AT30 and C[E]LLS at 50
»»[E] as in [E]rythromycin

Question 4

Aminoglycoside examples

Answer 4

Gentamicin

Question 5

Aminoglycoside action

Answer 5

30S Subunit of Ribosome > Block Protein Synth

Buys [A]T30 and CELLS at 50

Question 6

Tetracycline examples

Answer 6

Doxycycline, Tetracycline

Question 7

Tetracycline action

Answer 7

30S Subunit of Ribosome > Blocks Protein Synth

Buys A[T]30 and CELLS at 50

Question 8

Lincosamide examples

Answer 8

cLINdamycin

Question 9

Lincosamide action

Answer 9

50S Subunit of Ribosome > Blocks Protein Synth

Buys AT30 and CEL[L]S at 50

Question 10

B-Lactam examples

Answer 10

Amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, methylpenicillin

Question 11

B-Lactam action

Answer 11

Inhibits the cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell walls.

Question 12

Glycopeptide examples

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Question 13

Glycopeptide action

Answer 13

Inhibits the polymerisation of peptidoglycan cell walls.

Question 14

Dihydrofolate-Reductase examples

Answer 14

Trimethoprim

Question 15

Dihydrofolate-Reductase action

Answer 15

Blocks folate synthesis and thus prevents DNA synthesis.

Question 16

Quinolone examples

Answer 16

Ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin.

Question 17

Quinolone action

Answer 17

Prevent DNA synthesis via inhibition of topoisomerase and DNA gyrase.

Question 18

Cephalosporin examples

Answer 18

Cephotaxime, Ceftriaxone.

Question 19

Cephalosporin action

Answer 19

B-Lactam which prevent the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell walls.

Question 20

Carbapenem examples

Answer 20

Imipenem

Question 21

Carbapenem action

Answer 21

B-lactam which prevent the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell walls.

Question 22

Rifampcin action and main side effect

Answer 22

Think R R R: Rifampcin, RNA, Red

Inhibits RNA synthesis.

Side effect: Red/Orange urine, sweat, and tears.

Question 23

What class of abx is Cephotaxime?

Answer 23

Cephalosporin

Question 24

What class of abx is Vancomycin?

Answer 24

Glycopeptide

Question 25

What class of abx is Doxycycline?

Answer 25

Tetracycline

Question 26

What class of abx is Gentamicin?

Answer 26

Aminoglycoside

Question 27

What class of abx is Erythromycin?

Answer 27

Macrolide

Question 28

What class of abx is Trimethoprim?

Answer 28

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

Question 29

What class of abx is Flucloxacillin?

Answer 29

B-Lactam

Question 30

What class of abx is Ciprofloxacin?

Answer 30

Quinolone

Question 31

What is the action of Doxycycline?

Answer 31

Blocks 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes (Buys A[T]30 and CELLS at 50).

Question 32

What is the action of Clarythromycin?

Answer 32

Blocks 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes | Buys AT30 and C[E]LLS at 50 >>>Referring to [E]rythromycin.

Question 33

What is the action of Trimethoprim?

Answer 33

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which prevents folate metabolism which prevents DNA synthesis.

Question 34

What is the action of Gentamicin?

Answer 34

Blocks 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes | Buys [A]T30 and CELLS at 50 >>>Reffering to [A]minoglycosides

Question 35

What is a side-effect of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 35

Long QT > Torsades des pointes

Question 36

What is the action of Vancomycin?

Answer 36

Prevents peptidoglycan polymerisation and thus prevents cell-wall synthesis.

Question 37

What is the action of Ciprofloxacin?

Answer 37

Prevents DNA synthesis by inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase.

Question 38

What is the action of Metronidazole?

Answer 38

MetroniDAzole Damages DNA once it has been reduced (Predominantly by anaerobic organisms).

Question 39

What is the action of Chlopramphenicol?

Answer 39

Blocks 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes | Buys AT30 and [C]ELLS at 50