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Foundations > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

what should be used against coliforms (mainly)?

A

gentamicin

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2
Q

what is effective against ESBL?

A

Temocillin
Meropenem

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3
Q

what should be used against anaerobes?

A

metranizadole

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4
Q

what is vancomycin used for?

A

staph aureus, MSSA, MRSA
gram +ve aerobic cocci, bacilli
no -ve activity

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5
Q

what are strengths of penicillin?

A

safe, very few side effects
flexible molecules, variety
excreted rapidly via kidneys
safe in pregnancy

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6
Q

what are limitations of penicillin?

A

hypersensitivity
rapid excretion via kidneys
resistance

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7
Q

what can temocillin be used for?

A

coliforms
ESBL
gram -ve

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8
Q

what are the targets of beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

penicillin binding proteins
(PBP)

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9
Q

what can be used against c.difficile?

A

metronidazole
vancomycin - mainly

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10
Q

how do quinolones work?

A

bind to A subunit of DNA gyrase and prevent supercoiling of DNA

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11
Q

how do tetracyclines work?

A

binds to 30S subunit, prevents attachment of tRNA to acceptor sites

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12
Q

how do aminoglycosides work?

A

binds to 30S subunit

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13
Q

how do beta lactams work?

A

by disrupting cell wall synthesis

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14
Q

what produces toxins?

A

clostridium tetani
clostridium perfringes
bacillus anthracis

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15
Q

name the beta lactams

A

glycopeptides
cephalosporins
carbapenems
flucloxacillin
co-amoxiclav
temocillin
amoxicillin
penicillin V
tazobactam-pipericillin

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16
Q

which group does vancomycin belong to?

A

glycopeptides

17
Q

name a carbapenem

A

meropenem

18
Q

name a cephalosporin

A

ceftriaxone

19
Q

how does vancomycin work?

A

binds to peptide side chains (D-alanine to D-alanine), prevents incorporation into cell wall

20
Q

which spectrum are cephalosporins?

A

broad

21
Q

what is the spectrum of carbapenems?

A

broad

22
Q

how is flucloxacillin, co-amoxiclav, amoxicillin adminstered?

A

IV, Oral

23
Q

which penicillin is administered IV only?

A

temocillin

24
Q

name nucleic acid inhibitors

A

Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)
fluoroquinolones/ quinolones
trimethroprin

25
Q

which antibiotic inhibits folic acid synthesis?

A

Trimethoprim

26
Q

how is vancomycin administered?

A

IV only otherwise causes kidney damage

27
Q

what is trimethoprim used against?

A

UTIs, E.coli

28
Q

name quinolones

A

ciprofloxacin (IV, oral)
Levofloxacin (IV)

29
Q

name protein synthesis inhibitors

A

macrolides
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
lincosamides

30
Q

name macrolides

A

erythromycin
clarithromycin

31
Q

how is gentamicin excreted?

A

urine

32
Q

name tetracyclines

A

doxycycline
tetracycline

33
Q

which group soes clindamycin belong to?

A

lincosamides

Foundations (15 decks)

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