Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillins

Answer 1

• Bactericidal
• Broad Spectrum (Gram - / +)

Question 2

Penicillin that is narrow spectrum

Answer 2

Penicillin G & V
Cloxacillin

Question 3

Penicillin that is broad spectrum

Answer 3

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

Question 4

Specific toxicities of amoxicillin and ampicillin

Answer 4

Occasional diarrhea & vomiting

Question 5

What are the general toxicities for penicillins?

Answer 5

Not for rodents & rabbits = fatal diarrhea
High TI
Allergic reactions = pruritus, hives, swelling

Question 6

Cephalosporins

Answer 6

• Bactericidal
• Narrow to broad spectrum

Question 7

What are the 4 generations for cephalosporins?

Answer 7

1st gen = G +, minimal G -
2nd gen = G - , minimal G+
3rd & 4th gen = broad spectrum

Question 8

What are the toxicities for cephalosporins?

Answer 8

High TI
GI Upset
Allergic reactions

Question 9

Which cephalosporins are 1st gen?

Answer 9

Cephalexin & Cefazolin

Question 10

Which cephalosporins are 3rd gen?

Answer 10

Ceftiofur/Excenel
Cefovecin/Convenia

Question 11

Tetracyclines

Answer 11

• Bacteriostatic
• Broad spectrum

Question 12

What are the toxicities of tetracyclines?

Answer 12

Esophageal strictures in cats
Discoloration of teeth in young or in utero animals
Rapid IV = hypotension/cardiac arrhythmias (equine)

Question 13

What are 3 types of tetracyclines?

Answer 13

Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline
Chlortetracycline

Question 14

Sulfonamides

Answer 14

• Bacteriostatic
• Potentiated Sulfas = bactericidal
• Broad spectrum

Question 15

What are the toxicities of Sulfonamides?

Answer 15

Dehydration
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs
Metabolites cause crystals in urine

Question 16

What are 2 types of sulfonamides?

Answer 16

Sulfadiazine
Trimethoprim

Question 17

Aminoglycosides

Answer 17

• Bactericidal
• Narrow spectrum (G-)

Question 18

What are the toxicities for Aminoglycosides?

Answer 18

Nephrotoxicity
Hearing loss & vestibular disease
Otoxicity

Question 19

What is an aminoglycosides?

Answer 19

Amikacin

Question 20

Lincosamides

Answer 20

• Bacteriostatic
• Narrow spectrum (G+)

Question 21

What are the toxicities of Lincosamides?

Answer 21

GIT Toxicity
Do not use in rabbits, hamsters, rodents, horses, ruminants = serious GI effects including death

Question 22

What are 3 types of Lincosamides?

Answer 22

Lincomycin, Clindamycin, Pirlimycin

Question 23

Macrolides

Answer 23

• Bacteriostatic
• Variable spectrum

Question 24

Which macrolide is fatal in humans, swine, horses, or dogs?

Answer 24

Tilmicosin

Question 25

Which macrolides cause IM Meat damage?

Answer 25

Erythromycin Tylocin

Question 26

What are general toxicities for macrolides?

Answer 26

GIT w/oral Diarrhea, rectal edema Rectal prolapses in swine

Question 27

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 27

- Bactericidal - Broad but less effective against G-

Question 28

What are the toxicities of Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 28

High TI GIT upset in foals Retinal degeneration/blindness in cats Not for use with puppies = cartilage damage

Question 29

Polypeptide

Answer 29

- Cell wall permeability - Batericidal - Broad spectrum - Only used topically

Question 30

- Polypeptide - Narrow G- - Nephrotoxic / neurotoxic

Answer 30

Polymixin

Question 31

- Polypeptide - Narrow G+ - Nephrotoxic

Answer 31

Bacitracin

Question 32

Chloramphenicol/Florphenicol

Answer 32

- Inhibit protein synthesis - Bacteriostatic - Broad

Question 33

Which antibiotic is banned in food producing animals?

Answer 33

Chloramphenicol

Question 34

What specific toxicities are for florphenicol?

Answer 34

Pain @ injection site, inappetence, diarrhea

Question 35

What general toxicities for chloramphenicol/florphenicol?

Answer 35

Aplastic anemia (bone marrow toxicity) in humans GIT upset

Question 36

Nitrofurans

Answer 36

- Inhibit carb metabolism of bacteria - Bactericidal - Broad

Question 37

What are 2 nitrofurans?

Answer 37

Nitrofurantoin Furazolidone

Question 38

What are the toxicities for nitrofurans?

Answer 38

Suspected human carcinogens Use in food animals prohibited GI upset w/ oral admin

Question 39

- Disrupts DNA synthesis - Bactericidal - Narrow Spectrum

Answer 39

Nitroimidazole

Question 40

What is a common nitroimidazole?

Answer 40

Metronidazole

Question 41

What are the toxicities of Nitroimidazole?

Answer 41

Prohibited for use in food animals Neurologic toxicity (ataxia, head tilt, nystagmus)