Antibiotics

Question 1

pen v (oral)
pen G (iv)
coverage

Answer 1

gram positive: streptococcus, enterococcus, listeria
gram negative: niesseria, treponema pallidum
anaerobes (oral)

Question 2

cloxacillin (iv and oral) coverage

Answer 2

gram positive: streptococccus, s aureus NOT MRSA

Question 3

cloaxacillin drug class

Answer 3

penicillinase stable penicilin

Question 4

amoxicillin (oral) 
ampicillin (iv) class and coverage

Answer 4

extended spectrum penicllin
has all of penicillin but increased gram negative
e.coli, proteus, h.influenzae

Question 5

amoxi-clav (po) coverage

Answer 5

has all of amoxicillin plus more gram negative
staph aureus but not MRSA
ecoli, h influenzae
anaerobes (bacteroides)

Question 6

pipercillin tazobactam (iv) coverage

Answer 6

same as piperacillin but
increase GP: staph aureus but not MRSA
GN: beta lactamases not ESBLs
anaerobes, bacteroides

Question 7

piperacillin (iv) coverage

Answer 7

same as amox but increased gram negative 
citrobacter 
acineobacter 
pseudomonas
enterobacter
serratia

Question 8

the two extended spectrum penicillins

Answer 8

amoxicillin

piperacillin

Question 9

cefadroxil
cephalexin
cefazolin (iv)
drug class and mechanism

Answer 9

1st gen cephalosporin

inhibit cell wall synthesis (cidal)

Question 10

1st gen cephalosporin coverage

Answer 10

gram positive: streptococcus, staph aureus not MRSA not enterococcus
gram negative: proteus mirabilis, ecoli, klebsiella

Question 11

cefaclor
cefprozil
cefuroxime (po, iv)
drug class

Answer 11

second gen cephalosporin

Question 12

2nd gen cephalosporin coverage

Answer 12

same as 1st gen plus
increase s.pneumoniae for cefprozil and cefuroximine
decreased staph aureus
gram negative: h influenzae, neissera, moraxella

Question 13

cefoxitin (iv) drug class and coverage

Answer 13

2nd gen cephalosporin but also bacteroides

same as 2nd gen plus anaerobes

Question 14

cefixime
cefotaxime (iv)
ceftriaxone (iv)
drug class

Answer 14

3rd gen cephalosporin

Question 15

3rd gen cephalosporin coverage

Answer 15

same as second gen plus
increased s.pneumoniae for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone
increased serratia not extended spectrum beta lactamases

Question 16

ceftazidime (iv) drug class and coverage

Answer 16

3rd gen ceph plus pseudomonas
increase pseudomonas not ESBL
decrease s.pneumoniae, s aureus

Question 17

cefepime(iv) drug class

Answer 17

4th gen cephalosporin

Question 18

4th gen cephalosporin coverage

Answer 18

3rd gen plus
increase spneumoniae, saureus
increase citrobacter, acinetobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, not ESBLs

Question 19

ertapenem (iv)
imipenem cilastatin (iv)
meropenem (iv)
drug class and MOA

Answer 19

carbapenem

inhibit cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

Question 20

carbapenem drug class

Answer 20

gram positive: streptococcus, saureus, variable e.faecalis
gram negative: ecoli, klebsiella, citrobacter, acineobacter, pseudomonas
anaerobes (oral?, bacteroides)

Question 21

erythromycin (po,iv)
clarithromycin
drug class and MOA

Answer 21

macrolide

inhibit 30S ribosome (bactericidal)

Question 22

macrolide coverage

Answer 22

gram positive: variable streptococcus (not PRSP) variable staph aureus

h. influenzae
atypicals: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

Question 23

azithromycin (po,iv) drug class and coverage

Answer 23

azalide

same as macrolide

Question 24

doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline
drug class and MOA

Answer 24

tetracycline

inhibits 30S bacteriostatic

Question 25

tetracycline coverage

Answer 25

gram positive: variable streptococcus, saureus including CA-MRSA gram negative: broad, not pseudomonas anaerobes

Question 26

``` cirprofloxicin (po, iv) drug class ad MOA ```

Answer 26

2nd gen fluoroquinolone | inhibits gyrase, topisomerase in DNA synthesis (bactericidal)

Question 27

2nd gen fluoroquinolone coverage

Answer 27

gram positive acquire resistance during therapy gram negative: ecoli?, klebsiella, citrobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia atypicals: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

Question 28

norfloxicin drug class

Answer 28

2nd gen fluoroquinolone urinary | bactericidal

Question 29

levofloxacin (po,iv) moxifloxicin (po,iv) drug class

Answer 29

3 gen fluoroquinolone respiratory | bacteriacidal

Question 30

norfloxacin coverage

Answer 30

compared to cipro | enterobacteriea not pseudomonas

Question 31

levofloxacin coverage

Answer 31

compared to cipro inceased spneumonia moxi- decrease psuedomonas, plus anaerobes

Question 32

``` amikacin (iv) gentimicin (iv) streptomycin (im) tobramycin (iv) drug class and MOA ```

Answer 32

aminoglycoside | inhibits 30S cell wall electron transport (bactericidal)

Question 33

aminoglycoside coverage

Answer 33

gram negative: ecoli, klebsiella, citrobacter, acineobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia, ESBLs

Question 34

``` clindamycin (po,iv) drug class and MOA ```

Answer 34

lincosamide | inhibits 50S ribosome (bacteriostatic)

Question 35

``` daptomycin (iv) drug class and mechanism ```

Answer 35

cyclic lipopeptide | depolarizes cell membrane, inhibits protein dna and rna synthesis (bacterialcidal)

Question 36

clindamycin coverage

Answer 36

gram positve: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA | anaerobes (oral?, bacteroides)

Question 37

daptomycin coverage

Answer 37

gram positive: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA, enterococcus including VRE

Question 38

``` linezolid (po,iv) drug class and MOA ```

Answer 38

oxazolidinone | inhibits 23of 50S and 70S ribosome (bacteriostatic)

Question 39

linezolid coverage

Answer 39

gram positive: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA, enterococcus including VRE

Question 40

metronidazole(po,iv) class and MOA

Answer 40

nitroimidazole | inhibits ribosomes, dna via intracellular reduction to active metabolites

Question 41

metronidazole coverage

Answer 41

anaerobes (oral, bacteroides)

Question 42

nitrofurantoin drug class and MOA

Answer 42

nitrofuran | inhibits ribosomes, dna thru intracellular reduction to active metabolites

Question 43

nitrfurantoin coverage

Answer 43

ecoli, e,faecalis, staphlococcus

Question 44

rifampin drug class and MOA

Answer 44

rifamycin | inhibits dna dependent rna polymerase

Question 45

rifampin coverage

Answer 45

gram positive: saureus, sepidermidis

Question 46

TMP/SMX class and MOA

Answer 46

sulphonamide | inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase/synthetase

Question 47

TMP/SMX coverage

Answer 47

gram positive: variable streptococcus, saureus including MRSA gram negative: ecoli, hinfluenzae pneumocystis

Question 48

vancomycin (po,iv) drug class and MOA

Answer 48

glycopeptide | inhibits cell wall synthesis (bacteriocidal)

Question 49

vancomycin coverage

Answer 49

gram positive: streptococcus including PRSP, saureus including MRSA, CoNS, enterococcus not VRE