antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants E3

Question 1

aminoglycosides: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 1

bactericidal

Question 1

beta-lactams: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 1

bactericidal

Question 2

fluoroquinolones: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 2

bactericidal
- cause breaks in bacterial DNA: lethal if unrepaired

Question 3

vancomycin: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 3

bacteridical

Question 4

rifampins: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 4

bactericidal

Question 5

metronidazole: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 5

bactericidal

Question 6

tetracyclines: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 6

bacteriostatic

Question 7

macrolides: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 7

bacteriostatic

Question 8

sulfa drugs: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 8

bacteriostatic

Question 9

clindamycin: bacteriostatic/cidal?

Answer 9

bacteriostatic

Question 10

fluoroquinolones: target

Answer 10

DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV

Question 10

rifampins: target

Answer 10

RNA polymerase

Question 11

metronidazole: target

Answer 11

produces compounds toxic to DNA –> inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Question 12

sulfa drugs: target

Answer 12

inhibits folic acid synthesis

Question 13

fluoroquinolones: spectrum of activity

Answer 13

broad spectrum

Question 14

community-acquired pneumonia: common empirical treatment

Answer 14

levofloxacin or moxifloxacin

Question 15

rifampins: target

Answer 15

RNA polymerase

Question 16

metronidazole: target/mechanism

Answer 16

DNA: produces free radicals that are toxic to DNA

Question 17

sulfanilamide: analog of, target/mechanism

Answer 17

• sulfa drug that is an analog of PABA
• targets folic acid synthesis: no folic acid = no bacterial growth

Question 18

trimethoprim: analog of, target/mechanism

Answer 18

analog of DHF: binds DHF reductase, blocks formation of folic acid

Question 19

sulfa/folic acid synthesis inhibitors: spectrum

Answer 19

broad, however resistance is rising

Question 20

vancomycin: mechanism of action, target

Answer 20

• targets cell wall synthesis
• binds D-alanine dimer at end of crosslinking peptide of bacteria

Question 21

vancomycin: spectrum of activity

Answer 21

gram +

Question 22

beta-lactam antibiotics: mechanism of action

Answer 22

inhibit transpeptidases (penicillin binding proteins)
stops cross-linking, weakens cell wall

Question 23

penicillins: spectrum

Answer 23

very broad: both gram +, gram -

Question 24

aminoglycosides: spectrum

Answer 24

broad: mostly gram - inactive against anaerobes

Question 25

aminoglycosides, tetracyclines: mechanism of action

Answer 25

blocks protein synthesis by binding 30S subunit usually bactericidal

Question 26

tetracyclines: spectrum

Answer 26

broad good for intracellular

Question 27

linezolid spectrum

Answer 27

gram + only

Question 27

macrolides, linezolid, clindamycin: mechanism of action

Answer 27

blocks protein synthesis by binding 50S --> inhibits transpeptidation

Question 28

alcohols: disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 28

both

Question 29

alcohols: kill

Answer 29

everything but spores

Question 30

hydrogen peroxide: disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 30

disinfectant

Question 31

hydrogen peroxide: kills

Answer 31

everything: can kill spores

Question 32

chlorine: disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 32

disinfectant

Question 33

chlorine: kills

Answer 33

everything, including some spores

Question 34

iodophors: disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 34

both

Question 35

iodophors: kill

Answer 35

bacteria, fungi, viruses some mycobacteria does not kill spores

Question 36

chlorohexidine: disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 36

antiseptic

Question 37

chlorohexidine: kills

Answer 37

everything but spores

Question 38

staph aureus treatment

Answer 38

MSSA: nafcillin MRSA: vancomycin

Question 39

staph epidermidis treatment

Answer 39

vancomycin w/ rifampin or gentamycin

Question 40

staph saprophyticus treatment

Answer 40

penicillin

Question 41

strep pyogenes treatment

Answer 41

penicillin

Question 41

strep agalactiae treatment

Answer 41

penicillin

Question 42

strep pneumoniae treatment

Answer 42

differs per disease: amoxicillin-clavulanate for otitis media, sinusitis vancomycin, ceftriaxone for pneumonia

Question 43

listeria treatment

Answer 43

ampicillin

Question 44

corynebacterium diphtheriae treatment

Answer 44

anti-sera w/ penicillin or erythromycin

Question 45

a. israelii treatment

Answer 45

penicillin

Question 46

nocardia treatment

Answer 46

TMP-SMX

Question 47

strep viridans treatment

Answer 47

vancomycin, ceftazidime

Question 48

enterococus treatment

Answer 48

B lactams vancomycin + aminoglycoside

Question 49

bite wounds treatment

Answer 49

amoxicillin-clavulanate

Question 50

bartonella henselae treatment

Answer 50

macrolides

Question 51

b. fragilis treatment

Answer 51

empiric: w/ cephalosporin + metronidazole

Question 52

c. tetani treatment

Answer 52

antitoxin penicillin, metronidazole

Question 53

gas gangrene treatment

Answer 53

surgical debridement high dose penicillin + gentamycin

Question 54

necrotizing enteritis treatment

Answer 54

fluid and salt supplement, cephalosporins, metronidazole

Question 55

botulism treatment

Answer 55

botulinum antitoxin, babyBIG for infants

Question 56

neisseria meningitidis treatment

Answer 56

cephalosporins

Question 57

neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment

Answer 57

cephalosporin + azithromycin for possible chlamydia

Question 58

moraxella catarrhalis treatment

Answer 58

amoxicillin-clavulanate

Question 59

legionella pneumophila treatment

Answer 59

macrolides, levofloxacin

Question 60

mycoplasma pneumonia treatment

Answer 60

empiric: macrolide