pathogen/disease buzzwords Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
bark-like cough, children
A
parainfluenza virus
2
Q
hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, many strains, winter
A
influenza virus
3
Q
immunity not useful, 100+ serotypes, common
A
rhinovirus, coronavirus (common colds)
4
Q
more severe in infants, respiratory distress, nosocomial
A
RSV
5
Q
swimming pools, vaccines for military personnel, resistant to disinfectants, conjunctivitis
A
adenovirus
6
Q
wrestlers, rugby players
A
herpes gladiatorum
7
Q
cold sore
A
herpes labialis (HSV 1)
8
Q
“cropping” rash, risk to unvaccinated, latency, reactivation
A
varicella-zoster
9
Q
transplant complication, most important cause of congenital viral infection, HIV patients at risk
A
cytomegalovirus
10
Q
jaundice, acute hepatitis, raw shellfish, vaccine, IgM
A
hepatitis A
11
Q
acute hepatitis, underdeveloped nations, contaminated water, IgM
A
hepatitis E
12
Q
hepatitis, antigen-antibody, vaccine, IV drug use
A
hepatitis B
13
Q
hepatitis, coinfection
A
hepatitis D
14
Q
coryza, cough, conjunctivitis, koplik’s spots, risk to unvaccinated, fatal pneumonia
A
measles
15
Q
“slapped cheek” rash, arthralgias in adults
A
parvovirus
16
Q
puffy cheeks, risk to unvaccinated
A
mumps
17
Q
cervical cancer, high risk genotypes, warts, vaccines
A
HPV
18
Q
paralysis, aseptic meningitis, vaccine
A
polio
19
Q
summer cold
A
non-polio enteroviruses
20
Q
opportunistic infections, depleted CD4 cells, high risk populations
A
HIV
21
Q
bite wound, neurological symptoms, hydrophobia, negri bodies, death
A
rabies
22
Q
urban and sylvatic cycles, encephalitis, arthropod vectors
A
arboviruses
23
Q
cervical cancer/high risk genotypes (specify disease and genotypes)
A
HPV 16 and 18
24
Q
urban and sylvatic cycles, jaundice, vaccine, hemmorhagic fever
A
yellow fever
25
bone and joint pain, hemorrhagic fever, urban transmission, mosquitos
dengue fever
26
- coagulase +, catalase +, pus-forming, nosocomial
- gram +
s. aureus
27
- coagulase -, catalase +
- implanted devices are a risk
- gram + cocci
s. epidermidis
28
- coagulase -, catalase +, novobiocin resistant
- UTI, cystitis
- gram +
s. saprophyticus
29
- catalase -, bacitracin sensitive, beta-hemolytic
- pharyngitis, cellulitis,
- post-infection sequelae
strep pyogenes
30
- #1 cause neonatal meningitis
- gram + cocci, bacitracin resistant
- mother --> baby
strep agalactiae
31
- strawberry tongue, white coated tongue, phage infection
scarlet fever by s. pyogenes
32
tonsilar exudates, sore throat, malaise, fever
pharyngitis by s. pyogenes
33
gram + cocci, polysaccharide + conjugate vaccine, alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive
strep pneumoniae
34
oral flora, optochin resistant, alpha-hemolytic, dental procedures
strep viridans
35
gram + cocci, catheter pts/long term hospitalization, UTI
enterococcus
36
deli meat/unpasteurized dairy, gram + coccobacilli, meningitis in pregnancy
listeria monocytogenes
37
TDaP vaccine, uncommon in US, pseudomembrane formation, toxin delivery on lysogenic phage, gram + bacilli
corynebacterium diphtheriae
38
mycelia, sulfur granules in culture, normal mouth flora, pus, risk with aspiration
actinomyces israelii
38
can view under wood's/UV light
corynebacterium minutissimum
39
urease production, spirochete, gram - bacilli, ulcers
h. pylori
40
opportunistic, survival inside macrophages, gram + rods, filament forming
nocardia
41
dog bite, cellulitis at wound
pasteurella multocida, c. canimorsus
41
cat scratch disease
bartonella henselae
42
intra-abdominal infections when normal flora enters sterile sites, obligate anaerobe, gram -
bacteroides
43
tetanospasmin toxin, TDaP, spores, wound contamination
clostridium tetani
43
follicle infection, acne
propionibacterium acne
43
gram + bacilli, spore formers, gas gangrene, enterotoxin lyses WBCs
clostridium perfringens
43
antibiotic-related diarrhea, gram + blunt end bacilli, spores
c. dificile
44
gram + spore former, botulin toxin, improper food storage, honey
clostridium botulinum
45
gram - diplococci, intracellular, meningitis, dorms/prisons/schools, cross BBB, vaccine
neisseria meningitidis
46
otitis media, sinusitis, gram - coccobacilli
moraxella catarrhalis
46
intracellular gram - diplococci, urethritis, thick discolored discharge
neisseria gonorrhoeae
47
cysteine, BCY agar, intracellular, type IV secretion system, hot tubs/lakes
legionella pneumophila
48
#1 cause of atypical pneumonia, toxic metabolite production, fried egg appearance
mycoplasma pneumoniae
49
gram - coccobacilli, whooping cough, pertussis and adenylate cyclase toxins
bordatella pertussis
50
intracellular gram -, urethritis, infectious blindness, infant pneumonia
chlamydia trachomatis
51
gram - intracellular, pneumonia, crowded conditions
chlamydia pneumoniae
52
intracellular gram -. 4 fold rise in titer, birds
chlamydia psittaci
53
gram -, burns, ICU, wet environment puncture wound, exotoxin A
p. aeruginosa
54
lyme disease, tick bite, intracellular, spirochete
borrella burgdorferi
55
syphillis, spirochete, chancre
treponema pallidum
56
gram - coccobacilli, chocolate agar w/ X and V, agglutination capsule test, B vs non B
haemophilus influenzae
57
typhus, lice, intracellular
rickettsia prowazekii
57
rocky mountain spotted fever, intracellular, tick bite
rickettsia rickettsii
58
bubonic plague, black death, survival inside APCs, fleas
yersinia pestis
59
gram + bacilli, spore former, bioweapon, plasmid
bacillus anthracis
60
skinning, butchering game, intracellular, macrophage infection, gram - rod
francisella tularensis
61
daycare/children, diarrhea, non lactose fermenter, gram - rod
shigella flexneri
62
glucose fermenter, non-lactose fermenter, gram - rod, eggs, birds
salmonella enterica
63
pork chitterlings, non-lactose fermenter, diarrhea, gram - rod
yersinia enterolitica
64
lactose and glucose fermenter, community acquired pneumonia in UTI patients, UTI in hospital, gram - rod
k. pneumoniae
65
microaerophilic gram -, contaminated water, diarrhea
campylobacter jejuni
66
gram -, sorbitol and glucose fermentation, most ferment lactose, UTI
e. coli
67
second most common cause of neonatal meningitis
e. coli K1
68
gram -, traveler's diarrhea, enterotoxin
enterotoxigenic E. coli
69
gram -, beef, hemolysin, type III secretion
enterohemorrhagic e. coli
70
comma shaped gram -, rice water stool, brackish water, shellfish, A/B toxin
vibrio cholerae
71
gram - comma shaped, shellfish (oysters), brackish water
vibrio vulnificus
72
obligate anaerobe, acid fast stain, intracellular, tubercle formation, RIPE antibiotics
mycobacterium tuberculosis
73
acid fast bacilli, PPD -
m. avium complex
74
spaghetti and meatballs pattern in KOH stain, superficial skin only, macules
malassezia fungi
75
annular itchy, scaly lesion, cutaneous, tinea, KOH mount
epidermophyton, microsporum, tricophyton
76
adolescents/adults, wet environments, more common in men, interdigital macerations and yellow-green discoloration w/ debris
tinea pedis w/ onychomycosis
77
tropical, subcutaneous, splinter/thorn, black grains in biopsy
madurella mycetomatis
78
chestnut brown, rotten wood, cayenne pepper appearance
chromoblastomycosis
79
rose gardener, dimorphic at different temperatures, cigar-shaped budding, subcutaneous
sporotrichosis
80
opportunistic, spelunking, barn cleaning, birds/bats, narrow-based budding yeast
histoplasmosis
81
spherule, endemic to southwest USA, pneumonia
coccidioides
82
non-dimorphic, opportunistic, AIDS-defining, thrush
candida albicans
83
ground glass opacity, no ergosterol, pneumonia
pneumocystis jirovecii
84
pigeon droppings, pneumonia
cryptococcus neoformans
85
common mold, acute branching, hypersensitivity 1, ground glass infiltrates, fungus ball
aspergillus
86
right angle branching, ribbon like hyphae, diabetics, rhino-orbital-cerebral
mucormycosis
87
amoebic cysts, trophozoites, mexico, central america, sewage systems
entamoeba histolytica
88
3rd world water infection, beavers, acute vs chronic, backpackers and kayakers
giardia lamblia
89
poorly treated water, infectious in both forms, oocysts, sporozoites, swimming pools
cytosporum parvum
90
strawberry cervix, discharge, sexual contact
trichomoniasis vaginalis
91
mosquito, TNFa, IL-1, blood smear, symptoms every other day
malaria
92
amastigote, promastigote, sand fly, pentavalent treatment
leishmania
93
most common helminth infection in US, pinworm, perianal pruritis
enterobius vermicularis
94
kato-katz smear, chronic vs migratory phases, roundworm
ascaris lumbricoides
95
nematode, peptic ulcer-like symptoms, eosinophilia, autoinfection cycle
strongyloides stercoralis
96
tapered ends, terminal plugs of ova, poverty, colitis/IBD
trichuris trichiura whipworm
97
striated muscle, muscle cysts, triad of periorbital edema, myalgia, eosinophilia
trichinella spiralis
98
meat and fish handlers, microaerophile, violaceous lesion on hand/finger, pruritis, burning
erysipeloid
99
septic vegetations of endocardium, slower-paced, microbes rarely spread hematogenously, s. viridans
subacute endocarditis
100
septic vegetations of endocardium, fast paced + rapid damage, microbes spread hematogenously, febrile
acute endocarditis
101
adhesins adhere to bone, survival inside osteoclasts, can be hematogenous
osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus
102
leukocyte esterase dipstick, nitrite +, dysuria, often pyuria and proteinuria
cystitis
103
leukocyte esterase dipstick, flank/lumbar pain, fever, chills, nausea, pyuria
pyelonephritis
104
#1 cause of uncomplicated community-acquired UTI
e. coli
105
no classic signs of cystitis, complex to diagnose
silent pyelonephritis
