exam II diseases Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
systemic anaphylaxis: hypersensitivity type
A
type I
2
Q
systemic anaphylaxis: pathology
A
- systemic degranulation of tissue mast cells
- shock occurs as fluid leaves body, BP drops
3
Q
allergic rhinitis: hypersensitivity type
A
type I
4
Q
allergic rhinitis: pathology
A
- IgE is triggered, causing local edema, nasal airway constriction
- discharge containing eosinophils
5
Q
asthma: hypersensitivity type
A
type I
6
Q
asthma: pathology
A
- airway mast cells degranulate, cause smooth muscle contraction and inflammation
7
Q
chronic asthma: pathology
A
constant inflammation: TH2, eosinophils, neutrophils
frequent mucus plug obstruction
8
Q
food allergies: hypersensitivity type
A
type I
9
Q
urticaria and angioedema: hypersensitivity type
A
type I
10
Q
urticaria vs angioedema
A
urticaria: hives
angioedema: in subcutaneous tissue, resembles a systemic rxn
11
Q
goodpasture’s disease: hypersensitivity type
A
type II cytotoxic autoimmune
12
Q
pemphigus vulgaris: hypersensitivity type
A
type II cytotoxic autoimmune
13
Q
pemphigus vulgaris: pathology
A
antibodies made against epidermal cadherins leads to blistering
14
Q
thrombocytopenic purpura: hypersensitivity type
A
type II cytotoxic autoimmune
15
Q
thrombocytopenic purpura: pathology
A
antibodies made against integrins on platelets: excessive bleeding
16
Q
hemolytic anemia: hypersensitivity type
A
type II cytotoxic autoimmune
17
Q
poison ivy: hypersensitivity type
A
type IV
18
Q
poison ivy: pathology
A
- phagocytes internalize modified extracellular proteins, present to Th1
- haptens cross PM, modify internal proteins –> presented on MHC class I
19
Q
celiac disease: hypersensitivity type
A
type IV
20
Q
celiac disease: pathology
A
- Th1 recognized antigens as foreign, activates resident tissue macrophages in gut
- inflammation caused by villi destruction
- B cells make IgG, IgA to gluten products and present to T cells
21
Q
hemolytic anemia: pathology
A
- IgG made against Rh
- cytotoxicity mediated by complement, phagocytosis
22
Q
myasthenia gravis: pathology
A
- autoantibodies directed against ACh receptors on muscle cells block receptors
- receptors are endocytosed
- nerve-muscle firing is blocked
23
Q
myasthenia gravis: symptoms
A
facial, eyelid, muscle weakness
24
Q
goodpasture’s disease: pathology
A
- antigen: epitope of collagen in kidney ECM
- antibodies coat collagen and fix complement
25
goodpasture's disease: symptoms
- fatigue, kidney pain, proteinuria
- glomerulonephritis
26
Graves' disease: disease type
Autoimmune, type II HS non-cytotoxic
27
Graves' disease: pathology
- Anti-TSH receptor antibodies produced
- agonistic effect: overproduction of T3, T4
28
Graves' disease: symptoms
weight loss, irritability, low TSH, high T3, T4
29
Myasthenia gravis: disease type
autoimmune, type II non-cytotoxic
30
systemic lupus erythematosus: disease type
autoimmune, type III hypersensitivity
31
systemic lupus erythematosus: pathology
- autoantibodies generated against antigens found everywhere (systemic)
- tissue damage by immune complex formation and deposition --> aggregation, inflammation
32
systemic lupus erythematosus: symptoms
joint pain, kidney dysfunction, butterfly rash, erythema
33
hashimoto's thyroiditis: disease type
autoimmune, type IV hypersensitivity
34
hashimoto's thyroiditis: pathology
- T cell mediated destruction of thyroid impairs T3, T4 production
- directed against thyroid specific antigens recognized by Th1, CD8
35
hashimoto's thyroiditis: symptoms
weight gain, goiter, low T3, T4, high TSH
36
type I diabetes: disease type
autoimmune, type IV hypersensitivity
37
type I diabetes: pathology
- autoreactive T cells target beta cells
- CD4, CD8 recognize beta cell-derived antigen, induce inflammation destroying beta cells
38
multiple sclerosis: disease type
autoimmune, type IV hypersensitivity
39
multiple sclerosis: pathology
- CD4 (Th1 or Th17) reactive against myelin
- nerve misfiring
40
rheumatoid arthritis: disease type
autoimmune, multi-type hypersensitivity
41
rheumatoid arthritis: pathology
- CD4 T cells activate macrophages, cytokine production
- cytokines induce production of MMP, RANKL by fibroblasts
- osteoclasts activated, joints destroyed
42
paroxysomal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ complement defect
43
paroxysomal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: pathology
- PIG-A gene is mutated
- lack of complement proteins CD55, CD59 on erythrocytes
- MAC lyses erythrocytes
44
hereditary angioedema: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ complement defect
45
chronic granulomatous disease: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ phagocytic defect
46
chronic granulomatous disease: pathology
- NADPH oxidase deficiency
- ROS is not produced
- autosomal recessive
47
leukocyte adhesion deficiency: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ phagocytic defect
48
leukocyte adhesion deficiency: pathology
- lack of CD18 B subunit of B2 integrins
- defective GDP-fucose transporter
- mutation of integrin activation molecule kindlin 3
49
chediak-higashi syndrome: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ phagocytic defect
50
chediak-higashi syndrome: pathology
- defect in lysosomal trafficking gene
- intracytoplasmic granules accumulate due to defective endosomal/lysosomal migration
- neutrophil, NK, cytotoxic T cell dysfunction
51
hyper-IgM syndrome: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells
52
hyper-IgM: pathology
- raised serum IgM, IgD
- low to absent IgG, IgA, IgE
- often x-linked
- recurrent bacterial infections
53
hyper-IgE syndrome: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells
54
hyper-IgE syndrome: pathology
- raised IgE, eosinophils, B cells, NK cells
- decreased CD8 T cell proliferation, activation
55
DiGeorge syndrome: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells
56
DiGeorge syndrome: pathology
- mutation of TF TBX-1: thymus doesn't develop
- poor antibody responses
57
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells
58
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: pathology
- defective WASP
- compromised T cell mobility, phagocyte chemotaxis, dendritic cell trafficking
59
common variable immunodeficiency: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells
60
common variable immunodeficiency: pathology
- low IgA, IgG, and/or IgM
- infections by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, mycoplasma
61
x-linked agammaglobunlinemia: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells
62
x-linked agammaglobulinemia: pathology
- mutation in Bruton's tyrosine kinase
- defective Pre-B cell
63
selective IgA deficiency: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells
64
selective IgA deficiency: pathology
- both circulating and secretory are affected
- usually asymptomatic: other antibodies compensate
65
SCID: disease type
primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells
66
SCID: pathology
- failed T cell development
- severe cellular and humoral immunity defects
- severe recurrent infections
